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March 8, 2014 |
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It is notable that the Jin dynasty (jin means gold in Chinese) of the Jurchens, ancestors of the Manchus, was known as aisin gurun, and that the Qing dynasty was initially named amaga aisin gurun, or Later Jin dynasty. It has been suggested that Nurhaci, the founder of the Later Jin dynasty, added aisin to his original family name of gioro, perhaps at the same time he proclaimed his new dynasty in 1616, but there is no definitive evidence to support this proposition. Since the fall of the Empire, a number of members of the family have changed their surnames to Jin (金) after the former dynasty. For example, Puyi's younger brother changed his name from Aixinjueluo Puren (愛新覺羅溥任) to Jin Youzhi (金友之) and his children in turn are surnamed Jin. Before founding the Qing Dynasty, naming of children in the Aishin Gioro clan was done quite randomly. After taking control of China, however, the family gradually incorporated Han Chinese ways of Chinese name|naming. During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor, all of Kangxi's sons were to be named with a generation name|generation prefix preceding the given name. There were three characters chosen, Cheng(承), Bao(保), and Chang(长), before finally deciding on Yin (胤) in Kangxi-20. Following Kangxi, subsequent male offspring had a generation code placed in their name. Moreover, the names of brothers will often contain a similar Radical (Chinese character)|Radical or meaning. Sometimes, an emperor will change the generation code of his brothers as a way of keeping his own unique. <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="25%">Order</td> <td width="25%">Generation Code</td> <td width="25%">Radical Code</td> <td width="25%">Examples</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">1. Yongzheng Emperor</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Yin, 胤/Yun, 允</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Fortune (Shi) 示</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Yinzhi,胤祉</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">2. Qianlong Emperor</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Hong, 弘</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Sun/Day (Ri) 日</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Hongzhou, 弘晝</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">3. Jiaqing Emperor</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Yong, 顒/Yong, 永</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Jade (Wang/Yu) 王</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Yongqi,永琪</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">4. Daoguang Emperor</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Min, 旻/Mian, 綿</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Emotion (Xin) 心</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Mianyu,</span>綿愉</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">5. Xianfeng Emperor</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Yi, 奕</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Literary (Yan) 言</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Yicong,</span>奕誴</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">6. Guangxu Emperor</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Zai, 載</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Water (Shui) 水</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Zaifeng,載灃</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">7. Xuantong Emperor</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Pu, 溥</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Human (Single Ren) 人</span></td> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">Pujie,溥倢</span></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%"><span lang="zh-cn">All Subsequent</span></td> <td width="75%" colspan="3"><span lang="zh-cn">Yu,</span>毓、<span lang="zh-cn">Heng,</span>恒、<span lang="zh-cn">Qi,</span>启、<span lang="zh-cn">Tao,</span>焘、<span lang="zh-cn">Kai,</span>闿、<span lang="zh-cn">Zeng,</span>增、<span lang="zh-cn">Qi,</span>祺</td> </tr> </table> The Veritable Records and other documents contain the foundation myth of the Aishin Gioro clan:
This myth has interested many historians. Similar stories can be found in other northern people's mythology. Yong?on seems to have come from Chinese yingxiong (英雄; hero) and Odoli would be modern-day Hoenyŏng (會寧) in Hamgyŏngnamdo, North Korea. A recent study found that a 1635 article of Jiu Manzhou Dang (old Manchu archives), which was omitted from later documents, says that a man from the Hūrha tribe on the Upper Amur River told the exactly same myth. In fact, Kangxi Emperor of China|Kangxi period maps shows Bukūri Mountain and Bulhūri Lake near Heilongjiang. It is considered that the Manchu imperial family incorporated Hūrha's legend into their own foundation myth. Although the Changbai Mountains (golmin ?anggiyan alin in Manchu language|Manchu) are regarded as the birthplace of the Aishin Gioro clan, their relationship with this legend is questionable. As explained above, the mythical arena was near Heilongjiang, not the Changbai Mountains. In addition, a careful analysis on early Manchu records proved that the description of the Changbai Mountains at the beginning of this legend had been inserted for the first time in the Shunzhi Emperor of China|Shunzhi-era version of the Veritable Records for Nurhaci.
Mengtemu is identified as M?ngke Tem?r, who left Odoli by Ming's invitation and was appointed as leader of the Jianzhou Jurchens#Origins|Jianzhou Left Guard. On the other hand, the founder of the Jianzhou Right Guard was M?ngke Tem?r's half-brother Fanca. It is unclear whether he may not the same person as Mentemu's ancestor, or it was just a mistake by the Manchus. The Jianzhou Left Guard fell into chaos in the early 16th century. In addition, Sibeoci Fiyanggū and Fuman seem to have been fictions because they did not appear in Chinese or Korean records. Maybe they were fabricated by the imperial family to claim its linkage to M?ngke Tem?r. <small><sup>1</sup> Although Aisin Gioro is usually pronounced "Aixin Jueluo" in Mandarin, some argue that it should be "Aixin Jiaoluo" since the only pronunciation of the character 覺 corresponding to Manchu gio is jiao. Category:Royal families zh:爱新觉罗 This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Aisin Gioro".
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