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March 8, 2014 |
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The name comes from the Greek language|Greek word Austronesia, meaning "southern islands". The Formosan languages are spoken on the island of Taiwan, and some neighbouring islands. The Malayo-Polynesian languages are scattered across the huge area described above. The Malayo-Polynesian (MP) languages are divided into two major subgroups, the Western MP and the Central-Eastern MP. Western has 300 million speakers; Eastern has about 1 million speakers. Comparative reconstruction, confirmed by archaeology, has shown that the original homeland of the linguistics|linguistic ancestors of all these languages was in south-eastern China, from which they emigrated to the island of Taiwan. On this island the deepest divisions in Austronesian are among families of native Formosan languages. The older term 'Malayo-Polynesian' is sometimes still used for the entire non-Taiwanese branch of Austronesian. Some linguists believe the Tai languages probably deserve a place within an expanded version of this family, though others favor the Sino-Tibetan languages|Sino-Tibetan family to include them. Yet others have attempted to show a genetic relationship between Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages|Austroasiatic languages, forming an Austric languages|Austric superfamily. Neither the Austro-Tai, nor the Austric superfamilies have gained general acceptance in the linguistic community. The Malayo-Polynesian languages tend to use reduplication (repetition of all or part of a word - such as wiki-wiki), and have highly restrictive phonotactics, with small numbers of phonemes and predominantly consonant-vowel syllables, so that texts are quite repetitive in terms of the frequency of sounds.
The internal structure of the Austronesian languages is difficult to work out, as the family consists of many very similar languages with large numbers of dialect chains. In the best classifications available today, many of the groups in the Philippines and Indonesia are geographic conveniences rather than reflections of relatedness. However, it is clear that the greatest genealogical diversity is found among the Formosan languages of Taiwan, and the least among the islands of the Pacific, supporting a dispersal of the family from Taiwan. Below is a consensus opinion based on Fay Wouk and Malcolm Ross (ed.), The history and typology of western Austronesian voice systems, Australian National University, 2002. Austronesian
Category:Austronesian languages|* minnan:L?m-t?-g?-hē Category:Language families de:Austronesische Sprachen es:Lenguas austronesias eo:Aŭstroneziaj lingvoj fr:Langues austron?siennes id:Bahasa Austronesia it:Lingue austronesiane hu:Ausztron?z nyelvcsal?d ms:Bahasa Austronesian nl:Austronesische talen ja:オーストロネシア語族 no:Austronesiske spr?k fi:Austronesialaiset kielet zh:南島語系 This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Austronesian languages".
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