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March 8, 2014 |
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AZ|uc=C|lc=c C (lowercase c) is the third letter of the Roman alphabet. Its name in English language|English is cee. In the Etruscan language, plosive consonants had no distinctive phonation|voicing, so they took over Greek language|Greek Gamma|Γ (Gamma) to write their /k/. In the beginning, the Romans used C for both /k/ and /g/, only later adding a horizontal bar at right-center to produce G. It is possible but uncertain that C represented only /g/ at an even earlier time, while K might have been used for /k/. Some scholars claim that the Semitic ג (g??mel) pictured a camel, but most assume it was probably gaml (a throwing stick/boomerang). Other alphabets have letters identical to C in form but not in use and derivation, in particular the Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic letter Es (cyrillic)|Es which derives from one form of the Greek alphabet|Greek letter sigma (letter)|sigma, known as the "lunate sigma" from its resembalnce to a crescent moon. /k/ developed palatal consonant|palatal and velar consonant|velar allophones in Latin, probably due to Etruscan influence. The Romance languages and English language|English have a common feature inherited from Vulgar Latin where C takes on either a "hard" or "soft" value depending on the following vowel. In English and French language|French, C takes the "hard" value voiceless velar plosive|IPA|/k/ finally and before A, O, and U, and the "soft" value voiceless alveolar fricative|IPA|/s/ before E, I, or Y. Romance languages obey similar rules, but the soft value is different in several languages, taking on voiceless dental fricative|/θ/ in European Spanish language|Castilian and IPA|/ʧ/ (like English CH) in Italian language|Italian and Romanian language|Romanian. Other languages use C with different values, such as IPA|/k/ regardless of position in Irish language|Irish, Welsh language|Welsh, IPA|/θ/ in Fijian language|Fijian, IPA|/ʤ/ in Turkish language|Turkish, Tatar language|Tatar, Azeri language|Azeri, IPA|/ʦ/ in Czech language|Czech, Croatian language|Croatian, Esperanto, Hungarian language|Hungarian, Polish language|Polish, Pinyin|Romanized Chinese language|Chinese, Serbian language|Serbian. There are several common digraphs with C, the most common being CH, which in some languages such as German language|German is far more common than C alone. In English, CH most commonly takes the value IPA|/ʧ/, but can take the value IPA|/k/ or voiceless velar fricative|IPA|/x/, usually when transliterating Greek language|Greek Χ or Hebrew. CH takes various values in other languages, such as Voiceless palatal fricative|IPA|/??/, IPA|/k/, or IPA|/x/ in German, Voiceless postalveolar fricative|IPA|/ʃ/ in French language|French, IPA|/k/ in Italian, IPA|/ʈʂʰ/ in Mandarin Chinese, and so forth. CK, with the value IPA|/k/, is often used after short vowels in Germanic languages such as English, German and Swedish language|Swedish (but some other Germanic languages use KK instead, such as Dutch language|Dutch and Norwegian language|Norwegian). The digraph CZ is found in Polish and CS in Hungarian, both representing IPA|/ʧ/. As a phonetic symbol, lowercase c is the International Phonetic Alphabet and X-SAMPA symbol for the voiceless palatal plosive, and capital C is the X-SAMPA symbol for the voiceless palatal fricative. Charlie represents the letter C in the NATO phonetic alphabet. In Morse code|international Morse code the letter C is DahDitDahDit: <tt>- ?? - ??</tt> In Braille the letter C is represented as <big>⠉</big> (in Unicode), the dot pattern, <pre> XX .. .. </pre> Computing In Unicode the majuscule|capital C is codepoint U+0043 and the minuscule|lowercase c is U+0063. The ASCII code for capital C is 67 and for lowercase c is 99; or in Binary numeral system|binary 01000011 and 01100011, respectively. The EBCDIC code for capital C is 195 and for lowercase c is 131. The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "<tt>&#67;</tt>" and "<tt>&#99;</tt>" for upper and lower case respectively.
AZsubnav Category:Latin letters af:C als:C ar:C bs:C ca:C sn:C cs:C da:C de:C el:C es:C eo:C fr:C gl:C ko:C hr:C io:C id:C it:C he:C kw:C la:C hu:C nl:C ja:C no:C nn:C pl:C pt:C ro:C ru:C simple:C sk:C sl:C fi:C sv:C tl:C vi:C tr:C yo:C zh:C This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "C".
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