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March 8, 2014 |
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The territory has been, successively, the home of the Mohe tribes and Jurchen nation, occupied by the ancient kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla, Bohai and the Liao (Khitan) kingdoms. According to the Sheng wu chi ("Our august dynasty's military memorial"), an official history of earlier Manchu wars, in the Ming period living in this territory were the Tungus tribes of Neyen and Yalu. Later it formed part of the Manchu Later Jin Empire (changed to Qing), created by Nurhaci. The range plays an important economic role. It is known for a variety of ginseng that grows there. In addition, the heavily-forested slopes are an important area for logging. In recent years, tourism has also become an increasingly important source of revenue on the Chinese side. The highest peak is Baitou (Paektu) Mountain (2,744 m), a volcano which is also often known simply as "Changbai Mountain." Baitou is the source of the Songhua, Tumen (Tuman) and Yalu (Amnok) rivers. The rugged terrain of the Changbai Mountains provides refuge for many rare animals, including bears, and Siberian tigers. A large portion of the Jilin Province side is protected as the Changbaishan Nature Reserve (?????R???R??????), which covers more than 2,100 square kilometres.
The vegetation of the mountain slopes is divided into several different zones. At the top, above 2000 metres, tundra predominates. From 1700 to 2000 metres, vegetation is dominated by mountain birch and larch. Below this zone, and down to 1100 metres, the dominant trees are spruce, fir, and Korean pine. From 600 to 1100 metres, the landscape is dominated by mixed forest, consisting of Amur linden, Korean pine, maple, and elm. Further down, a temperate hardwood forest is found, dominated by second-growth poplar and birch. (Liu et al., p. 3388). Liu, Q.J., Takamura, T., Takeuchi, N., Shao, G. (2002). Mapping of boreal vegetation of a temperate mountain in China by multitemporal LANDSAT imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing 23(17), 3385-3405. National Geographic ecosystem profile UNESCO profile of Changbaishan Biosphere Reserve
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