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Chengdu has a population of 9.9 million and an area of 12,300 km?. The GDP per capita was ?20111 (ca. US$2430) in 2003, ranked no. 58 among 659 Chinese cities. More than four thousand years ago, the prehistorical Bronze Age culture of Sanxingdui|Sānxīngduī (三星堆) (4800–3100 BP) established itself in this region. Zizhu city (紫竹城 : Zǐzh? Ch?ng) was one of the early settlements. Some believe that this culture is related to the BA culture of West Asia. In the early 4th century BC, the king of the ancient State of Shu|Shu moved his capital to the city's current location. He was inspired by the ancient story of King Tai of Zhou, Grandfather of King Wu of Zhou, moving his capital. History recorded King Tai of Zhou's move as "it took a year to become a town; it took 2 years to become a capital". Following this, king of Shu named the new city as "Cheng Du", which means "become a capital" (In Chinese, word "cheng" means "become", "du" means "capital"). After the conquer of Shu by Qin Dynasty in 316 BC, a new city was founded by the Qin general Zhang Yi, which marked the beginning of contemporary Chengdu. It was renamed Y? Zhōu (益州) during Han Dynasty. Liu Bei founded the kingdom of Shǔh?n (蜀汉) (220-263) in this city. During Tang Dynasty, both the "Poet-God" Li Po|Lǐ B? (李白) and the "Poet-Sage" Du Fu|D? Fǔ (杜甫) spent some part of their lives in Chengdu. D? Fǔ constructed the celebrated "Cǎot?ng" (草堂 or grass-hut) in the second year of his four year stay (759-762). But today's Cǎot?ng, a rather sumptuous house in the traditional style, was initially constructed in 1078 in memory of D? Fǔ. Chengdu was the birthplace of the first widely used paper money in the world (Northern Song Dynasty, around A.D. 960). Two more rebel leaders, one around the end of Song Dynasty, the other near the end of Ming Dynasty, set up the capitals of their short-lived kingdoms here, called D?shǔ (大蜀) and D?xī (大西), respectively. In more recent times, Chengdu was the last city in mainland China to be held by the Kuomintang. Chiang Kai-shek and his son Chiang Ching-kuo directed the defence of the city at Chengdu Central Military Academy, until December 10, 1949 when the People's Liberation Army took the city and the Nationalist Chinese government fled to Taiwan.
Sichuan Category:Cities in Sichuan ca:Chengdu de:Chengdu fr:Chengdu nl:Chengdu ja:成都 zh:成都 This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Chengdu".
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