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Chinese New Year (Chinese language|Chinese: 春節 Chūnj?e, 農曆新年 N?ngl? Xīnni?n or 過年 Gu?ni?n), also known as the Lunar New Year or the Spring Festival, one of the traditional Chinese holidays, is celebrated on the first day of the first month of the Chinese calendar, which falls on the day on which the second new moon after the day on which the winter solstice occurs, unless there is an Intercalation|intercalary eleventh or twelfth month in the lead-up to the New Year. In this case, the New Year falls on the third new moon after the Solstice. (The next time this occurs is in 2033.) Celebrated internationally, including in Chinatowns, Chinese New Year is the most important holiday of the Chinese people, and many East Asians such as Mongolians, Koreans and Vietnamese who have holidays which fall on the same day. Around the New Year people greet each other with: Traditional Chinese: 恭喜發財; Simplified Chinese: 恭喜发财; pinyin: Gōngxǐ fāc?i; Cantonese: Kung hei fat choi, which translates to "Congratulations and be prosperous." Traditional Chinese: 新年快樂; Simplified Chinese: 新年快乐; pinyin: Xīn;ni?n ku?il?, which translates to "Happy New Year." Traditionally, red packets (Mandarin'hong bao' 紅包; Cantonese 'lai see' 利是) are passed out during the Chinese New Year's celebrations, from married couples to unmarried people. Chinese New Year is celebrated with firecrackers, dragon dances and lion dances. Typically the game of mahjong is played. Reunion Dinner A reunion dinner is held on New Year's Eve where members of the family, near and far, get together for celebration. The New Year's Eve dinner is very large and traditionally includes chicken. Fish (鱼, y?) is included, but not eaten, as the Chinese phrase 年年有鱼/餘 (ni?n ni?n yǒu y?, or "every year there is fish/leftover") is a homophone for phrases which could mean "be blessed every year" or "have profit every year", since "y?" is also the pronounciation for "profit". A type of black hair-like algae, pronounced "fat choy" in Cantonese, is also featured in many dishes since its name sounds similiar to "prosperity". Because the things sound alike, the belief is that having one will lead to the other, like the old child's aphorism "step on a crack, break your mother's back". First New Year's Day New Year's day is also celebrated within the family. Usually family members gather on the morning of New Year's Day. It is at this gathering that red packets are given to unmarried members of the family. The age of the recipient is not material to receiving the packets. Married couples usually give out two red packets on the first new year after being married. This is because the wife presents one and the husband presents one. In subsequent years they may give one as a couple. Red packets traditionally consisted of amounts which were considered multiples. Amounts like $2 (two piece of $1), or $20 were acceptable. Similarly "multiples" such as $1.10 and $2.20 were also acceptable. However, this is not strictly adhered to. The gift was originally a token amount but these days it is not uncommon to receive large sums in affluent families. In some families this tradition has evolved into the practice to substituting money-like instruments (stocks, bonds, unit trust) in place of large sums of cash. Red packets are also given to unmarried visitors but the sums are often smaller than the packets given to family members or close friends. Second New Year's Day The second day of the new year is usually for visiting the family of the wife if a couple is married. A large feast is also typically held on the second day of the new year. Seventh New Year's Day The seventh day traditionally is everyone's birthday, the day when everyone grows one year older. It is also the day when tossed fish salad, yusheng, is eaten. People get together to toss the colourful salad and make wishes for continued wealth and prosperity. Food There are many foods in Chinese culture associated with the Lunar New Year. Some examples include the following:
Festivities The New Year season lasts fifteen days. The first week is the most important and most often celebrated with visits to friends and family as well as greetings of good luck. The celebrations end on the important and colourful Lantern Festival on the evening of the 15th day of the month. Even though, Chinese believe the third day (年初三) of the Chinese New Year, is not appropriate to visit family and friends, and called the day "chec hao" (赤口), meaning easy to get into arguments. The date of the Chinese New Year is determined by the Chinese calendar, a lunisolar calendar. The same calendar is used in countries that have adopted the Confucian and Buddhism tradition and in many cultures influenced by the China|Chinese, notably the Koreans, the Tibetans, the Vietnamese and the pagan Bulgars. Chinese New Year starts on the first day of the new year, containing a new moon (some sources even include New Year's Eve) and ends on the Lantern Festival fourteen days later. This occurs around the time of the full moon as each lunation is about 29.53 days in duration. In the Gregorian calendar, the Chinese New Year falls on different dates each year, on a date between January 21 and February 21. These dates will slowly drift over tens of thousands of years because the Gregorian calendar is a rule-based calendar that only approximates the true astronomical calculations used by the Chinese calendar. For a more in-depth look at New Year dates, see Chinese Astrology. The dates of the Spring Festival from 1996 to 2019 (in the Gregorian calendar) are listed below with pinyin romanizations for the earthly branches associated with the animals, which are not their translations.
Many non-Chinese think that they were born in a certain year, when they actually weren't. For example, the 1989 year of the snake began on February 6, 1989. The year 1990 (the year following 1989) is considered by some people to be the year of the horse. However, the 1989 year of the snake officially ended on January 26, 1990, because the zodiac does not end exactly on January 1. This means that anyone born from January 1 to January 25, 1990 was actually born in the year of the snake, not the year of the horse, although some people born during this period are not aware of this fact. This is the case for every year. Because of this, there are many online Chinese Sign calculators that will give a person an incorrect sign if a January/February date is given, because many calculators only categorize the signs by years and not by exact dates. The following website http://javascript.internet.com/calculators/astrological-calculator.html contains a JavaScript which will give a person an incorrect sign if he or she has a January February month. For example, if January 25, 1976 is entered into the calculator, it will say "dragon" when it should say "rabbit". Yet this inaccurate JavaScript has already been added to hundreds of websites. See Chinese astrology for a list of Chinese New Year dates for every year from 1900 to 2020, covering one full sexagesimal cycle (1924–1983) and portions of two others.
Category:Chinese holidays Category:Chinese astronomy de:Chinesisches Neujahrsfest id:Imlek fr:Nouvel An chinois nl:Chinees nieuwjaar zh:春节 This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Chinese New Year".
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