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March 8, 2014 |
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=Origins= The Chinese Orchestra originated from China. (from the http://www.sco.com.sg Singapore Chinese Orchestra Website): According to recent archaeological findings, ancient Chinese music was much more developed and sophisticated than is generally believed. Music had already been an important element in various ceremonies during the Yin (Shang) Dynasty (c. 1550 - 1111 B.C.), and it reached one of its greatest peaks during the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1111 - 222 B.C.). It featured a great abundance of percussion instruments. There were also several wind instrumnets, but only a couple of zither type string instruments were used. All the bowed string instruments and most of the plucked string instruments first came to China from Central Asia after the Han Dynasty (202 B.C. - 219 A.D.). The Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 A.D.) saw the first influx from Central Asia, a very important epoch in the evolution of Chinese music. However, it was during the Sung Dynasty (960 - 1279 A.D.) that Chinese music reached its maturity. Traditional Chinese musical instruments were formerly divided into eight groups according to their materials: gourd, earthenware, hide, wood, stone, bronze, silk and bamboo. It was said that there were more than 70 different musical instruments, but many of them have been lost or unused today. The modern Chinese Orchestra typically consists of four main sections. Bracketed are the instruments' western counterparts (loosely) Consisting of the Zhongruan, Daruan, Guzheng, Yangqin, Pipa, Liuqin, and Konghou. Mainly the Huqin series, including Erhu, Zhonghu and Gaohu. Occasionally the concertmaster will play the Banhu if there is a solo part for it. Including the Dizi (bamboo flutes), Sheng (pan pipe) and Suona (trumpet) Including the Gu (drum), Bo (cymbal) and muyu (wood block), among many others. Not all the instruments in today's Chinese Orchestra are "traditionally Chinese". Some have come from other countries such as the Cymbalom (洋琴/yangqin) which was originally from Persia. Today's typical Chinese Orchestra also includes the Western Cello and Double Bass, as well as other Western instruments like the vibraphone and triangle. It has also tried to emulate the Western Orchestra in terms of the sitting position of musicians. The Chinese Orchestra can now be found as a Co-Curricular activity in some schools, and the music produced by the Chinese Orchestra is unique and not like any other Western Orchestra. Then again, the Chinese Orchestra can also make music that sounds like Western Orchestral pieces. While jianpu (literal: simple script) is the notation used most often in the Chinese Orchestra, the standard musical notation is sometimes also used. Category:Chinese music zh:????????? This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Chinese orchestra".
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