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March 8, 2014 |
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Like other southern Chinese martial arts, Choy Lee Fut features Five Animal techniques based on the tiger, dragon, crane, leopard, and snake but is distinguished from other Nanquan|southern styles by long, swinging, circular movements and twisting body motions more indicative of Changquan|northern styles. As a Southern Shaolin style with Five Animal techniques, Hung Kuen is a close relative of Choy Lee Fut and is said by some Choy Lee Fut branches to be the style that Chan Yuen-Wu taught founder Chan Heung. The stances of Choy Lee Fut are as wide as those of Hung Kuen, but higher—though not as high as those of Wing Chun, another southern Chinese martial art—trading off some of the stability and root of Hung Kuen stances to allow more mobile footwork. In order to generate the characteristic whipping power of Choy Lee Fut, the hips and shoulders must be decoupled. Though Hung Kuen also features whipping power, particularly in its crane techniques, the hips and the shoulders are more frequently locked in the same plane, resulting in a "harder" form of power. Hung Gar and Wing Chun both hold the torso perpendicular to an opponent, to allow for the full use of both arms. By contrast, Choy Lee Fut holds the torso at an angle to the opponent to reduce the target area exposed to him. Choy Lee Fut is a characterized as a "soft-hard", "external" style. The curriculum was designed so that anti-Qing rebels could quickly gain practical proficiency and also incorporates a wide range of weapons. Several common movements have specific sounds associated with them—for example, "yik" when throwing punches and "dik" when kicking—supposedly so that friendly forces could recognize each other in battle and to force the practitioner to coordinate his breathing patterns with his movements. Like many martial arts, Choy Lee Fut has diverged into several lineages that differ not only in terms of training and emphasis but also on what they see as the true history of the style. There are three main branches of Choy Lee Fut.
The popularity of Choy Lee Fut is strong in Hong Kong, Canada, the United States, and growing elsewhere. In the late 20th century, the style was popularized in the Canada and the United States by such masters as Wong Ha, Doc Fai Wong (黄德輝), Lee Koon Hung, and Tat Mau Wong (王達謀). Chan Heung (??????)ref|?????? was born in Guangdong Province, China in 1805 or 1806. At the age of six or seven, he began to study Kung Fu from his uncle, Chan Yuen-Wu (?????????),ref|????????? a master of Southern Shaolin. So proficient as an adolescent that he could defeat any challenger from nearby villages, Chan Heung was ready to learn more. So he began training under another Southern Shaolin master, Five Elders#The Five Family Elders|Lee Yau-San (?????????),ref|????????? founder of Lee Gar, the Lee Family style. After only four or five years of training, it became apparent that Chan Heung was ready to move on once again. So Chan Heung set out to find Choy Fook (??????),ref|?????? who is said to have been a monk on on Luofu Mountain. After several years of training under Choy Fook, Chan Heung returned to his home village of Ging Mui (??????)ref|?????? in the county of Xinhui. The history of the Cheung Yim lineage Cheung Yim (??????)ref|?????? was an orphan cared for by his uncle. When Cheung Yim was twelve, his uncle had obligations that meant he would no longer be able to take care of Cheung Yim. So he took Cheung Yim to his old friend Chan Heung in the hope that Chan would be able to take the boy in as a live-in student. However, village rules forbade Chan Heung from teaching martial arts to non-family members. Unable to take care of the boy by accepting him as a student, Chan Heung instead hired Cheung Yim to do odd jobs at his martial arts school. Cheung Yim took the opportunity to observe Chan Heung???s lessons and practiced in secret what he had gleaned (cf. Yang Luchan). One night, Chan Heung came upon Cheung Yim practicing. Impressed by the boy???s motivation, Chan Heung taught him secretly for several years before the other villagers found out and expelled Cheung Yim. So in 1831, at the age of seventeen, Cheung Yim left Ging Mui, but not before Chan Heung gave him a letter of introduction and instructions to seek out the monk Ching Cho (??????)ref|?????? at the Zhajian Temple on Mount Bapai in Guangxi Province. Absent the distractions of secular life, Cheung Yim was able to give himself over completely to the things that the monk Ching Cho had to impart: his knowledge of Fut Gar Kung Fu and traditional Chinese medicine, a commitment to the overthrow of the foreign Manchu Qing Dynasty, and a new name, Hung-Sing (??????), which reflected that patriotic ideal. Cheung, now Cheung Hung-Sing, returned to Chan Heung and shared with his first teacher the things he had learned from his second. Chan Heung hired Cheung once again, this time as a teacher rather than as a menial/clandestine student, enabling Cheung to stay for the year or two until he left to open his own school in Foshan in 1839. Because it incorporated the Choy Gar style from Choy Fook, the Lee Gar style from Lee Yau-San, and the Fut Gar style from the monk Ching Cho, their new style became known as Choy Lee Fut. The history of the Chan Family lineage The traditions of the Chan Family lineage maintain that the Fut Gar component of Choy Lee Fut came not from the monk Ching Cho, who is held to be either fictitious or identified with Choy Fook, but from Chan Yuen-Wu, and that Chan Heung created Choy Lee Fut by himself from the knowledge he obtained from Chan Yuen-Wu, Lee Yau-San, and Choy Fook. The history of the Buk Sing branch One day, the school of Cheung Yim's student Lui Charn (??????)ref|?????? was visited by a fifteen-year-old Hung Kuen practitioner named Tarm Sarm (??????),ref|?????? who asked to spar with one of the students. Tarm Sarm's reaction to his defeat by Lui Charn's student was to insist on sparring with Lui Charn himself. After dealing Tarm Sarm his second defeat, Lui Charn accepted the scrappy young man as a student. Tarm Sarm dedicated himself to learning Choy Lee Fut and, after only a few short years, became of Lui Charn's assistant instructors. Tarm Sarm remained as pugnacious as the day he first entered Lui Charn's school and, one day, got into a fight with one of his Si-Sook|teacher's junior classmates and two of that classmate's relatives, forcing Lui Charn to expel him before his training was complete. The expulsion did nothing to curb Tarm Sarm's aggressiveness. In challenge matches instead of a classroom, Tarm Sarm built the reputation of his Kung Fu with victory after victory. He left his home in Kaiping County and, in the neighborhood of Siu Buk (??????) in Guangzhou, opened his own school, which was known as the Buk Sing Gwoon (?????????). Choy Fook ?????? Depending on the branch of Choy Lee Fut, Choy Fook is said to have been a master either of Northern Shaolin or of Choy Gar (??????),ref|?????? which was created by Choy Gau-Yee and is said to have the longest range of the Five Elders#The Five Family Elders|five major family styles of the southern Chinese martial arts. Either way, Choy Fook is considered a source of Choy Lee Fut's long-range Changquan|northern characteristics like its swift, mobile footwork. Lee Yau-San ????????? Said to be a student of Jee Sin, Lee Yau-San is known not only as a teacher of Chan Heung, but as the founder of Lee Gar (??????)ref|?????? which, like Choy Gar, is one of the Five Elders#The Five Family Elders|five major family styles of the southern Chinese martial arts. The prominence of the leopard punch hand formation within Choy Lee Fut may be the influence of Lee Gar, a middle-range style which emphasizes Leopard Kung Fu|leopard techniques. Fut Gar ?????? Fut Gar (??????),ref|?????? literally "Buddha Family," specializes in palm techniques and for this reason is also known as Buddha Family Palm, Buddhist Palm, or Buddha Palm. Both the left and right hand are used in attack and defence. Long and short-range footwork is employed. The Chan Family branch Chan Heung at seven years old began learning martial arts under his uncle Chan Yuen Woo. Yuen Woo was a famed master from Shaolin Temple, and taught his nephew the Buddha Style Fist or Fut Ga Kuen. After years of study with his uncle, Chan Heung had become a consummate warrior by the early age of 15. To further his skills, Chan became a student of Lee Yau San, a Shaolin practitioner of the Lee Family Fist. Yau San was Yuen Woo's sihing or elder brother at Shaolin Temple. Becoming proficient in the Lee Family style, Chan Heung was then referred to the Shaolin monk Choi Fook to further his martial arts knowledge. After years of intensive study with the Buddhist recluse, Chan Heung revised what he had learned and formed a new system. He combined his knowledge of 3 martial arts systems and called it "Choi Lee Fut" in honour of his teachers. Three styles that constitute Choi Lee Fut are as follows. Chan Yuen Woo and the Buddha Style Fist Chan Heung learned the Buddha Style Fist, or Fat Ga Kuen, from his uncle Chan Yuen Woo. Yuen Woo was a famed master of Shaolin Temple. The Fut Ga Kuen style specializes in palm techniques. Both the left and right hand are used in attack and defence. Long and short-range footwork is employed. Chan Family Choy Lee Fut emphasizes a soft, loose, flexible waist and faces the opponent at an angle to reduce the target area exposed. It is a system of both Kung Fu and Qigong which was developed by the founder Chan Heung. Chen Yong Fa, is Chan Heung's great, great grandson and lives in Australia. The Cheung Yim branch Though still characterized by the whipping power indicative of Choy Lee Fut, the Cheung Yim branch maintains a closer alignment between the hips and the shoulders, imparting a "hardness" to its power, though not to the extent of Hung Kuen. The Buk Sing branch Because it split off from the Cheung Yim lineage before founder Tarm Sarm could complete his training, the Buk Sing lineage features a shorter syllabus comprising only a handful of routines—Sup Jee Kuen (?????????), Ping Kuen (??????), Kau Da (??????), Seung Gaap Daan Gun (staff)|Gwun (????????????)—as compared to the dozens in the syllabuses of the other branches. The incompleteness of Tarm Sarm's training did nothing to diminish his fighting prowess. As such, the emphasis of Buk Sing Choy Lee Fut on combat rather than routines reflects the proclivities and training of its founder. One example of Tarm Sarm's approach is the "side body" (??????) stance, which takes the idea of reducing one's exposed target area by turning the torso to its logical conclusion: turning the torso 90?? away from the opponent. |border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" !style="background-color:#CCCCCC; "| !!style="background-color:#CCCCCC; "| Chinese language|Chinese !!style="background-color:#CCCCCC; "| Pinyin !!style="background-color:#CCCCCC; "| Yale_Romanization#Cantonese|Yale Cantonese !!style="background-color:#CCCCCC; "| |- !note|??????Chan family Hung Sing |align=center| ?????? ||align=center| Xi??ng Sh??ng ||align=center| Hung4 Sing3 || |- !note|??????Cheung Yim Hung Sing |align=center| ?????? ||align=center| H??ng Sh??ng ||align=center| Hung4 Sing1 || |- !note|??????Buk Sing |align=center| ?????? ||align=center| B??i Sh??ng ||align=center| Bak1 Sing1 || |- !note|??????Chan Heung |align=center| ?????? ||align=center| Ch??n Xi??ng ||align=center| Chan4 Heung2 || |- !note|?????????Chan Yuen-Wu |align=center| ????????? ||align=center| Ch??n Yu??nh?? ||align=center| Chan4 Yun5 Wu6 || |- !note|?????????Lee Yau-San |align=center| ????????? ||align=center| L?? Y??ush??n ||align=center| Lei5 Yau5 Saan1 || |- !note|??????Choy Fook |align=center| ?????? ||align=center| C??i F?? ||align=center| Choi3 Fuk1 || |- !note|??????Ging Mui |align=center| ?????? ||align=center| J??ngm??i ||align=center| Ging1 Mui4 || |- !note|??????Cheung Yim<br>Cheung Hung-Sing |align=center| ??????<br>????????? ||align=center| Zh??ng Y??n<br>Zh??ng H??ngsh??ng ||align=center| Jeung1 Yim4<br>Jeung1 Hung4 Sing1 || |- !note|??????Ching Cho |align=center| ?????? ||align=center| Q??ngc??o ||align=center| Ching1 Chou2 || literally "Green Grass," his monastic name |- !note|??????Lui Charn |align=center| ?????? ||align=center| L??i C??n ||align=center| Leui4 Chaan3 || |- !note|??????Tarm Sarm |align=center| ?????? ||align=center| T??n S??n ||align=center| Taam4 Saam1 || |- !note|??????Choy Gar |align=center| ?????? ||align=center| C??i Ji?? ||align=center| Choi3 Ga1 || literally "Choy Family" |- !note|??????Lee Gar |align=center| ?????? ||align=center| L?? Ji?? ||align=center| Lei5 Ga1 || literally "Lee Family" |- !note|??????Fut Gar<br>Fut Gar Jeung<br>Fut Jeung |align=center| ??????<br>?????????<br>?????? ||align=center| F?? Ji??<br>F?? Ji?? Zh??ng<br>F?? Zh??ng ||align=center| Fat1 Ga1<br>Fat1 Ga1 Jeung2<br>Fat1 Jeung2 || Buddhist style; literally "Buddha Family"<br>Buddhist Palm; literally "Buddha Family Palm"<br>literally "Buddha Palm" | Chan Family branch
Cheung Yim branch
Buk Sing branch
Category:Chinese martial arts This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Choy Lee Fut".
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