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March 8, 2014 |
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The geography of Beijing Municipality is characterized by flat land, except for hills that dominate in the north, northwest and west of Beijing. The mountains to the west are known as Xishan, which is Chinese for Western Hills. The city's centre is Tian'anmen, and the city spreads out in bands of concentric ring roads radiating from Tian'anmen itself. Physically, Beijing is on flat land, but strategically close to hills and mountains, as well as to plains and the sea. Oddly enough, Beijing is one of the few major cities in China that does not lie on a major river. Instead, water is supplied from two reservoirs -- Guanting Reservoir (on the border with Hebei) and Miyun Reservoir in Miyun County. The city's climate is harsh, characterized by hot, humid summers (due to the East Asian monsoon), and cold, windy, dry winters (reflecting the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone, or high-pressure system). The urban area of Beijing spreads out in bands of concentric Ring Roads of Beijing|ring roads. Tian'anmen is right at the centre of Beijing, and is directly to the south of the well-known Forbidden City, and to the east of Zhongnanhai, current residence of the paramount leaders of the People's Republic of China. The older part of Beijing, which is noted for its horizontally symmetry|symmetrical layout, is enclosed by the 2nd Ring Road, which is located upon the site of the old city walls that no longer exist. The newer parts of Beijing are to be found mostly within the 3rd Ring Road and the 4th Ring Road. Zhongguancun, the technological hub of China, is in the north-western urban part, and contains Peking University and Tsinghua University, nationally regarded as the two most prestigious universities of China. To the north of these universities are found the Summer Palace and the ruins of the Old Summer Palace, both imperial residences of the Qing Dynasty emperors. The Beijing CBD sits in the east in the Guomao area, while in the west of the urban area is the Beijing Financial Street. The Beijing Olympic Village, which is being constructed for the 2008 Summer Olympics, is situated to the north of the urban area. The western part of the urban area houses most party, government and military facilities, such as the China Military Museum. Most of the area of Beijing municipality is found outside the urban area of Beijing, and extends in all directions, especially northwards into the Yanshan Mountains. North Beijing The northern part of Beijing municipality consists of Shunyi District, Changping District, Pinggu District, Yanqing County, Huairou District, and Miyun County. The first three counties are rather flat; Shunyi District and Changping District, in particular, are rapidly developing satellite towns. Further north, in Huairou District and the two counties, the geographical landscape is rather hilly. Portions of the Great Wall of China run through this rugged area, notably at Badaling and at Mutianyu. Miyun Reservoir, important in its role in Beijing's water supply, is also found in this area. The Badaling Expressway leaves northwestern Beijing and heads west, while the Jingcheng Expressway is projected to leave Beijing through the eastern parts of north Beijing. East Beijing Geographically, eastern Beijing is less rugged. Plains and flat land form most of the land. Eastern Beijing is dominated by Tongzhou District, one of Beijing's earliest satellite towns. Also forming part of eastern Beijing is Pinggu District. Roads connect eastern Beijing (Jingtong Expressway, Jingha Expressway). The Beijing subway Line 1 (Batong Extension) extends into Tongzhou. Most expressways leave Beijing in the eastern part -- the Jingtong Expressway, the Jingshen Expressway and the Jingjintang Expressway (slightly south-east). South Beijing South Beijing is lesser developed than the other parts of Beijing. The geography here is mostly flat land and plains. This part of Beijing includes Daxing District and Fangshan District. Daxing is industrially-oriented, and contains Yizhuang, an important suburban area. Fangshan District contains the town of Liangxiang as well as other satellite towns. The Jingkai Expressway shoots through the heartland of Daxing heading south. Heading southwest is the Jingshi Expressway. West Beijing Western Beijing is rugged and hilly topographically. It comprises Mentougou District and Fangshan District. The outer urbans parts of western Beijing form the Shougang complex, a vast industrial area. No expressways head directly west. The Fragrant Hills and Shidu, both tourist spots, are in this area. Category:Beijing This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Geography of Beijing".
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