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March 8, 2014 |
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<!-- begin skyscraper infobox --> | border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="200px" style="margin:0 0 1em 1em" ! colspan=2 bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Jin Mao Building 金茂大厦 |- | colspan=2 | 88 Century Boulevard, Pudong District, Shanghai 200121, China |- ! colspan=2 bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | World's tallest structures|Height <small>(Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat|CTBUH categories)</small> |- || Spire/ antenna (radio)|antenna || 420.5m / 1,380ft <small>(SSP)</small> |- || Structural top || 420.5m / 1,380ft <small>(SSP)</small> |- || Highest floor || 366.0m / 1,200ft <small>(SSP)</small> |- || Highest occupied || 340.1m / 1,116ft <small>(SSP)</small> |- ! colspan=2 bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Floor data |- || Main floors || 88 |- || Penthouse || 5 <small>(SSP)</small> |- || Basement || 3 <small>(SSP)</small> |- || Median height || offices 4.0m <small>(SSP)</small>, hotel 3.5m |- || Gross area || 278,707 square metre|m² <small>(SSP)</small> |- ! colspan=2 bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Building construction|Construction |- || Groundbreaking|Start || 1993 |- || End || 1998 |- || Cost || US$400 million <small>(TQ)</small> |- ! colspan=2 bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Architecture |- || Style || Postmodern architecture|Postmodern, pagoda |- || Materials || Concrete, steel |- ! colspan=2 bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Company|Companies |- || Architect || Skidmore, Owings & Merrill |- || Property developer|Developer || http://www.jinmao88.com/en/profile/item/2004_02/772.shtml China Jin Mao Group Co. Ltd. |- ! colspan=2 bgcolor="#CCCCCC" | Sources |- || SSP || http://www.skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=9 SkyscraperPage |- || TQ || http://library.thinkquest.org/C005009/jinmao.html ThinkQuest | <!-- end skyscraper infobox --> The Jin Mao Building or Jin Mao Tower (金茂大厦 pinyin: Jīn M?o D?sh?, lit. "Gold Luxuriance Building") is an 88-story landmark skyscraper in the Lujiazui area of the Pudong district of Shanghai, People's Republic of China. It contains offices and the Shanghai Grand Hyatt hotel. As of 2005, it is the tallest building in the PRC, the fifth tallest in the world by roof height and the seventh tallest by pinnacle height. Along with the Oriental Pearl Tower, it is a centerpiece of the renowned Pudong skyline. Image:JinMaoBuilding.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Jin Mao Building as seen from the The Bund|Bund The building is located on a 24,000square metre|m² plot of land near the Lujiazui Shanghai Metro|metro station. It was designed by the Chicago office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. Its postmodern architecture|postmodern form, whose complexity rises as it ascends, draws on traditional Chinese architecture such as the tiered pagoda, gently stepping back to create a rhythmic pattern as it rises. Like the PETRONAS Twin Towers in Malaysia, the building's proportions revolve around the 8 (number)|number 8, numerology#Lucky and unlucky numbers|associated with prosperity in Chinese culture. The 88 (number)|88 floors (93 if the spire floors are counted) are divided into 17 visible "segments" (13 flaring setbacks and 4 receding ones), each of which is 1/8th shorter than the 16-story base. The tower is built around an octagon-shaped concrete braced wall line|shear wall core surrounded by 8 exterior composite material|composite supercolumns and 8 exterior steel columns. Three sets of 8 two-story high outrigger trusses connect the columns to the core at six of the floors to provide additional support. The foundation (architecture)|foundations rest on 1,062 high-volume|capacity steel piles driven 83.5m deep in the ground to compensate for poor upper-strata soil conditions. At the time those were the longest steel piles ever used in a land-based building. The piles are capped by a 4m-thick concrete floating raft system|raft 19.6m underground. The basement's surrounding slurry wall is 1m thick, 36m high and 568m long, and composed of 20,500 m³ of reinforced concrete. The building employs an advanced structural engineering system which fortifies it against typhoon winds of up to 200 km/h (with the top oscillation|swaying by a maximum of 75cm) and earthquakes of up to 7 on the Richter scale. The steel shafts have shear joints that act as shock absorbers to cushion the lateral forces imposed by winds and quakes, and the swimming pool on the 57th floor is said to act as a passive damping|damper. The exterior curtain wall is made of glass, stainless steel, aluminium, and granite, and is criss-crossed by complex latticework cladding made of aluminum alloy pipes. Official dedication was August 28 1998, a date also chosen with the number 8 in mind. Coincidentially Deng Xiaoping, China's legendary leader who initiated the reforms that made Pudong's development possible, was 88 at that time. The building was fully operational in 1999. Jin Mao Building is owned by the China Jin Mao Group Co. Ltd (formerly China Shanghai Foreign Trade Centre Co. Ltd). It reportedly has a daily maintenance cost of 1 million RMB (US$121,000) (http://app1.chinadaily.com.cn/star/2003/0220/fo5-1.html Shanghai Star). The building has 3 main entrances to the lobby, two for the office portion and one for the hotel. Additionaly, a 6-story podium at the tower base houses the Hyatt's conference and banquet facilities (first two floors) as well as a shopping mall, restaurants and nightclubs such as the hotel's "Pu-J's" on the third floor. The 3-story basement has a food court, express elevators to the observation deck, and 600 vehicle and 7,500 bicycle parking spaces below. Above, 61 elevators (supplied by Mitsubishi) and 19 escalators carry visitors throughout the building. The lower 50 floors (in the first 4 segments of the tower) are made up of 123,000 m² of Grade A offices, divided into 5 elevator zones (3-6, 7-17, 18-29, 30-40, and 41-50). Office spaces are open-plan (column-free) with a floor-to-floor gross height of 4.0m, net height 2.7m. Levels 51 and 52 are mechanical floors, accessible only by service elevators. Image:Shanghai_Grand_Hyatt_Atrium.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Bottom-up view of the atrium. The building's anchor tenant is the five-star (classification)|star, 555-room Shanghai Grand Hyatt hotel which occupies floors 53 to 87. It is the highest hotel in the world in terms of distance from the ground, however the tallest building to be used exclusively as a hotel is the Burj Al Arab in Dubai (excluding the taller Ryugyong Hotel which is not in use). Additionally, the world's longest laundry chute runs down the full length of the tower to the basement, and incorporates buffers to slow down the laundry during its descent. The Hyatt's famous vault|barrel-vaulted atrium (architecture)|atrium starts at the 56th floor <!-- NOT the 54th --> and extends upwards to the 87th. Lined with 28 annular corridors and staircases arrayed in a spiral, it is 27m in diameter with a clear height of approximately 115m.(#Notes|1) It is one of the tallest atriums in the world, the tallest being Burj Al Arab's. The hotel floors also feature:
The 88th floor (not part of the hotel) houses the Skywalk, a 1,520m² indoor observation deck with a capacity of 1,000+ people. In addition to the panoramic views of Shanghai, it offers a topside view of the hotel atrium below. It also includes a small post office. Access is through two express elevators from the basement that travel at 9.1m/s and take 45 seconds to reach the top. As of 2005 admission costs RMB 50 (approx. US$6), half for children. Levels 89-93, which occupy the building's spire, are mechanical floors not accessible to the public. They are illuminated in bright white at night.
(1) Commonly quoted atrium height of 152m is due to a faulty assumption of 38 floors of 4m each; it is actually 32 floors of 3.5m each, the last few being taller.
Category:Shanghai skyscrapers Category:Hotels de:Jin-Mao-Turm no:Jin Mao Tower zh:上海金茂大厦 This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Jin Mao Building".
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