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March 8, 2014 |
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Kublai Khan or Khubilai Khan (1215 – 1294), Mongol military leader, was Khan (1260-1294) of the Mongol Empire and founder and first Emperor of China|Emperor (1279-1294) of the Yuan Dynasty. Born the second son of Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki and grandson of Genghis Khan, he succeeded his brother M?ngke Khan|M?ngke in 1260 as ruler of the Mongol Empire. Kublai Khan's brother, Hulagu Khan|Hulagu, was the conqueror of Persia and founder of the Ilkhanate. The empire was separated into four khanates, each ruled by a separate khan and overseen by the Great Khan. The Kipchak Khanate (also called the Golden Horde) ruled Russia; the Ilkhanate ruled the Middle East, the Chagatai Khanate ruled over western Asia, and the Great Khanate controlled Mongolia and eventually China. The empire reached its greatest extent under Kublai with his conquest of China, completed with the final defeat of the Song Dynasty in 1279. He ruled well, promoting economic growth with the rebuilding of the Grand Canal of China|Grand Canal, repairing public buildings, extending highways and introducing paper currency. He encouraged Chinese arts and demonstrated religious tolerance, except to Taoism. His capital was at Beijing (then Cambuluc or Dadu 大都 lit. big capital). The empire was visited by several Europeans, notably Marco Polo in the 1270s who may have seen the summer capital in Shangdu (上都 lit. upper capital or Xanadu?). He conquered Dali (Yunnan) and Goryeo (Korea). Under pressure from his Mongolian advisors, Kublai attempted to conquer Japan, Myanmar, Vietnam and Indonesia . All those attempts failed and the cost of these expeditions and the paper currency he created caused inflation.
Kublai had a nephew known as Kaidu, who died in 1301.
<center> <table border="1"> <tr> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Preceded by:<br>M%F6ngke Khan</td> <td width="40%" align="center">List of Mongol Khans|Mongol Khan (Dai-?n/Yuan Dynasty|Yuan)</td> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="2">Succeeded by:<br>Emperor Chengzong of Yuan China</td> <tr> <td width="30%" align="center" rowspan="1">Preceded by:<br>Emperor Bing of Song China</td> <td width="40%" align="center">Table of Chinese monarchs|Emperor of China</td> </tr> </table> </center> Category:1215 births Category:1294 deaths Category:Mongol Khans Category:Yuan Dynasty emperors ast:Cublai Can de:Kublai Khan fr:Kubilai Khan he:קובלאי חאן nl:Kublai Khan no:Kublai-khan ja:クビライ sv:Kublai Khan zh:忽必烈 This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Kublai Khan".
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