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March 8, 2014 |
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March of the Volunteers was written by Tian Han in 1934 for a play he was writing at the time. Popular stories suggest, however, that he wrote it on a tobacco paper after being arrested in Shanghai and thrown into a Kuomintang jail in 1935. The song, with a minor alteration, became the theme song of the patriotic film Sons and Daughters in a Time of Storm (风云儿女, 1935), a story about an intellectual who leaves to fight in the First Sino-Japanese War. It was one of many songs that were promoted secretly among the population as part of the anti-Japanese resistance. The song was released as an album by the Pathe label of EMI in 1935. It was used as the national anthem for the first time in an international conference in February 1949 held in Prague, Czechoslovakia. At the time Beiping (now Beijing) had recently come into the control of the Chinese Communists. There was controversy over the line "The Chinese nation faces its greatest peril". Historian Guo Moruo changed the line to "The Chinese people have come to their moment of emancipation" (中国民族到了大翻身的时候). In June a committee was set up by the Chinese Communist Party to decide on an official national anthem. By the end of August the committee had received 6926 submissions. March of the Volunteers was suggested by painter Xu Beihong (徐悲鸿) and almost unaminously supported by the members of the committee. There was contention, however, over the issue of the third line. On this Zhou Enlai made the conclusive judgement: "We still have imperialist enemies in front of us. The more we progress in development, the more the imperialists will hate us, seek to undermine us, attack us. Can you say that we won't be in peril?" His view was supported by Mao Zedong and on 27 September 1949, the song became the provisional national anthem, just days before the founding of the People's Republic of China. During the Cultural Revolution, Tian Han was imprisoned, and the March of the Volunteers was therefore forbidden to be sung; as a result there was a period of time when The East is Red was used as the unofficial national anthem. The March of the Volunteers was restored by the National People's Congress in 1978, but with different lyrics; however, these new lyrics were never very popular. On December 4, 1982, the National People's Congress resolved to restore the original 1935 version by Tian Han as the official national anthem. Significantly the current lyrics do not mention either the Communist Party of China nor Mao Zedong and the reversion of the lyrics was symbolic of the downfall of Hua Guofeng and the cult of personality of Mao and the asendancy of Deng Xiaoping. The National People's Congress made the song the official PRC anthem in a 2004 amendment of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China. The anthem is mentioned immediately after the national flag. Although popular even among Kuomintang|Nationalists during the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945), the song was banned in Taiwan until the 1990s. The anthem is written completely in Vernacular Chinese, while the "National Anthem of the Republic of China" is written in Classical Chinese. Click to listen
See also: Historical Chinese anthems __NOTOC__ Category:National anthems Category:People's Republic of China de:Marsch der Freiwilligen fr:La Marche des Volontaires ja:中華人民共和国の国歌 ms:Barisan_Para_Sukarelawan pl:Hymn Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej sr:Марш добровољаца zh:义勇军进行曲 This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "March of the Volunteers".
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