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March 8, 2014 |
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Sir Mark Aitchison Young (30 June 1886 – 12 May 1974) was a United Kingdom|British administrator who became the Governor of Hong Kong during the years immediately before and after World War II. Young was educated at Eton College|Eton and King's College, Cambridge. He entered Ceylon Civil Service in 1909 and served in the European War from 1915. Young served as Principal Assistant Colonial Secretary of Ceylon from 1923 to 1928, then as Colonial Secretary of Sierra Leone from 1928 to 1930. From 1930 to 1933, he served as Chief secretary to the Government of Palestine (region)|Palestine, during the British Mandate of Palestine. From 5 August 1933 to March 1938, he served as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Barbados. From November 1937 to February 1938, he served in the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. Then from 1938 to 1941, he became the last Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Tanganyika Territory British Mandate. He served as Governor of Hong Kong between 1941 and 1947. During his term, which coincided with the Pacific theatre of World War II, Hong Kong came under the threat of Japan|Japanese invasion. At 08:00, December 8, 1941, several hours after Pearl Harbor was attacked, Hong Kong came under fire by Imperial Japanese Forces. Battle of Hong Kong|The attacks only lasted for 18 days, and ended when Young surrendered the Colony to the Japanese General Takashi Sakai on December 25, known as the 'black Christmas' by Hong Kong people, who were then Japanese Occupation of Hong Kong|subject to Japanese rule for next 3 years and 8 months. Young was a prisoner of war in Japanese hands from December 1941 to August 1945. He was initially incarcerated in a prisoner of war camp in Stanley, Hong Kong|Stanley, on the southern shores of Hong Kong Island, but was later transferred, with other high ranking allied captives, to a prisoner of war camp in Manchuria. Young resumed his duties as Governor of Hong Kong on 1 May 1946, after having spent some time recuperating in England. Before his retirement in 1947, he proposed political reforms that would have allowed Hong Kong people to choose their own Legislative Council. He envisaged that the new Council would handle every-day affairs and that its decisions would be immune to veto, even to that of the Governor himself. Reception to his proposed reforms was cool, due largely to the fact that many Hong Kong people at that time believed that the colony would soon be taken over by Communist China. The question was also raised of whether the Communist Party of China|Communist Pary would influence elections in Hong Kong should Young's reforms be adopted. As a result, these initiatives were eventually abandoned under the Alexander Grantham|Grantham Administration. Young and his wife, Josephine Mary, had two sons and two daughters. Young died on 12 May 1974.
start box succession box| title=Governor of Barbados| before=Harry Scott Newlands| after=Eubule Waddington|Sir Eubule John Waddington| years=1933–1938 succession box| title=Governor of Tanganyika| before=Harold MacMichael|Harold Alfred MacMichael| after=none| years=1938–1941 succession box| title=21st Governor of Hong Kong| before=Geoffry Northcote|Sir Geoffry Stanford Northcote| after= Lt. General Takashi Sakai and Lt. General Masaichi Niimi (Head of Japanese Occupation Forces)| years=1941 succession box| title=21st Governor of Hong Kong (Post-Japanese Occupation)| before= Rear Admiral Sir Cecil H.J. Harcourt (Head of British Military Government)| after=Alexander Grantham|Sir Alexander Grantham| years=1946–1947 end box Category:1886 births|Young, Mark Aitchison Category:1974 deaths|Young, Mark Aitchison Category:Governors of Hong Kong|Young, Mark Aitchison Category:World War II political leaders|Young, Mark Aitchison category:Hong Kong World War II people|Young, Mark Aitchison Category:Companions of St Michael and St George|Young, Mark Aitchison Category:Knights Commander of St Michael and St George|Young, Mark Aitchison Category:Knights Grand Cross of St Michael and St George|Young, Mark Aitchison Category:Old Etonians|Young, Mark Aitchison Category:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge|Young, Mark Aitchison zh:????????? This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Mark Aitchison Young".
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