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March 8, 2014 |
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The qipao (旗袍), qipaor (旗袍儿), or ch'i-p'ao, also known as the cheongsam or mandarin gown, is a body-hugging dress for women in China originating from the Manchus, modernized and improved in Shanghai. The English loan word cheongsam, which comes from Cantonese (linguistics)|Cantonese, is used for the garment when worn by either men or women. The word qipao refers only to a woman's clothes. Cheongsam were the formal dress for Chinese men before Western-style Suit (clothes)|suits became common in China; they are not often worn today, except during traditional Chinese celebrations. When the Manchu began to rule China, certain social strata emerged. Among the strata were the Banner system|Banners (qi), mostly Manchu, who as a group were called Banner People (旗人 qi-ren). Manchu women typically wore a one-piece dress that came to be known as the 旗袍 (qipao or banner dress). The qipao fit loosely and hung straight down the body. The garment proved popular and survived the political turmoil of the Xinhai Revolution|1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing Dynasty. It has become, with few changes, the archetypal dress for Chinese women. Its modern version was first developed in Shanghai around 1900. Slender and form fitting with a high cut, it contrasted sharply with the traditional qipao which was designed to conceal the figure and be worn regardless of age. In Shanghai it was first known as 長衫 (Mandarin: changshan, Cantonese: cheongsam, Shanghainese IPA ASCII: /zANsE/). The cheongsam (the Cantonese term later popularized by Hong Kong) went well with the western overcoat and scarf, and portrayed a unique East Asian modernity. As Western fashions changed, the basic cheongsam design changed too, introducing high-necked sleeveless dresses, bell-like sleeves, and the black lace frothing at the hem of a ball gown. By the 1940s, cheongsam came in transparent black, beaded bodices, matching capes, and even velvet. Later, checked fabrics also became quite common. The 1949 Chinese Civil War|Communist Revolution ended the cheongsam and other fashions in Shanghai, but the Shanghainese emigrants and refugees brought the fashion to Hong Kong where it has remained popular. Recently there has been a revival of the Shanghainese cheongsam in Shanghai and elsewhere in Mainland China; the Shanghainese style functions now mostly as a stylish party dress (see Mao suit).
Category:Chinese culture Category:Clothing de:cheongsam This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Qipao".
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