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March 8, 2014 |
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image_name=Image:qing1203.jpg|250px| birth=March 15, 1638|death=Feb. 5, 1661| clan_name=Aixin-Jueluo (愛新覺羅) Aisin-Gioro| begin_era=Feb. 8, 1644| end_era=Feb. 17, 1662| posthumous_name_short=Emperor Zhang (章皇帝) Eldembuhe Hūwangdi| |posthumous_name_full=Emperor Titian Longyun Dingtong Jianji Yingrui Qinwen Xianwu Dade Honggong Zhiren Chunxiao Zhang 體天隆運定統建極英睿欽文顯武大德弘功至仁純孝章皇帝| begin_reign=Oct. 30, 1644¹ | end_reign=Feb. 5, 1661| dynasty=Qing (清) Cing| given_name=Fulin (福臨) Fulin| temple_name=Shizu (世祖) ?idzu| era_name=Shunzhi (順治) Ijishūn Dasan| notes=General note: Names given in Chinese language|Chinese, then in Manchu language|Manchu (full posthumous name is in Chinese only). ??? Dates given here are in the Gregorian calendar. ??? 1. Was emperor of Manchuria between Oct. 8, 1643-Oct. 30, 1644. Officially proclaimed emperor of China on Oct. 30, 1644. The Shunzhi Emperor (March 15, 1638–February 5, 1661?) was the second Emperor of China|emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper from 1644 to 1661. He ascended to the throne aged five (six according to traditional Chinese count) in 1643 upon the death of his father, Hong Taiji, but actual power during the early part of his reign lay in the hands of the appointed regents, Princes Dorgon and Jirgalang. With the Qing pacification of the former Ming provinces almost complete, he died still a young man, although in circumstances that have lent themselves to rumour and speculation. In the midst of much upheaval, the Manchus seized control of Beijing in June 1644, and in October of the same year the Shunzhi emperor's uncle, the chief regent Prince, proclaimed the Qing dynasty to be the legitimate successor to the Ming dynasty. Therefore, although the Shunzhi emperor was not the founder of the Qing dynasty, he was the first Qing emperor of China. His mother was the Xiaozhuangren Grand Empress Dowager|Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang who was an excellent politician during the period. The young emperor disliked his uncle, the chief regent Prince Dorgon, and after Dorgon's death in 1650 the emperor stripped both him and Dorgon's brother, Dodo (prince)|Dodo, of their titles, although he was only 12 years old at the time. During his short reign, the Shunzhi emperor encouraged the Han Chinese to participate in government activities. He was a scholar and employed Han Chinese to teach his children. He was also an open minded emperor and relied on the advice of Johann Adam Schall von Bell ???, a Jesuit from Germany, for guidance ranging from astronomy, technologies, to tips for governing an empire. Shunzhi also elevated Schall to his personal mentor and was given free access to the palace. The emperor married his mother's niece, but demoted the empress several years later. In 1661, Shunzhi's favourite concubine Dong suddenly passed away as a result of grief over the lost of a child. Overwhelmed with grief himself, Shunzhi contracted smallpox and died shortly thereafter. He was only 24. Before he passed away, he appointed four regents govern for his child son, Kangxi Emperor|Hiowan Yei: Oboi, Sonin, Suksaha, and Ebilun. According to official sources, the Shunzhi Emperor died in 1661 of smallpox. It was also believed by some that the young emperor did not pass away but left the palace to become a monk. He was interred in the Eastern Qing Tombs (清東陵), 125 kilometers/75 miles east of Beijing, in the Xiaoling (孝陵) mausoleum complex (known in Manchu language|Manchu as the Hiyoo?ungga Munggan).
#The Demoted Empress (廢后), from the Borjigin clan, demoted in 1653 #Empress Xiaohui Zhang (Chinese language|Chinese: 孝惠章皇后; Manchu language|Manchu: Hiyoo?ungga Fulehun Eldembuhe Hūwanghu) (d. 1718) from the Borjigin clan, made empress in 1654 #concubine from the Tunggiya clan (1640-1663). Her family was of Jurchen origin but lived among Chinese for generations. It had Chinese family name Tong (佟) but switched to the Manchu clan name Tunggiya. She was made Empress Dowager Cihe (慈和皇太后) in 1661 when Kangxi became emperor. She is known posthumously as Empress Xiaokang Zhang (Chinese language|Chinese: 孝康章皇后; Manchu language|Manchu: Hiyoo?ungga Nesuken Eldembuhe Hūwanghu). #Concubine from the Donggo clan (d. 1660), the concubine with whom Shunzhi was madly in love, posthumously raised to Empress Xiaoxian Duanjing (孝獻端敬皇后).
start box succession box two to one|before1=Hong Taiji|title1=List of Emperors of the Qing Dynasty|Emperor of Manchuria|years1=1643–1661|after=Kangxi Emperor|before2=Li Zicheng|title2=Emperor of China|years2=(Qing Dynasty) 1644–1661 end box Category:1638 births Category:1661 deaths Category:Qing Dynasty emperors de:Shunzhi fr:Shunzhi ko:??? la:Sungteius nl:Shunzhi ja:??? zh:??? This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Shunzhi Emperor".
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