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March 8, 2014 |
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A Special Administrative Region (SAR) (Simplified Chinese: 特别行政区; Traditional Chinese: 特別行政區; pinyin: t?bi? x?ngzh?ngqū; Standard Cantonese|Cantonese International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA: /tɐk6piːt6 hɐŋ4tsɪŋ3kʰɵy1/; Jyutping: dak6bit6 hang4zing3keoi1; Yale Romanization#Cantonese|Yale: dahkbiht h?hngjingkeūi) is a political subdivision of the People's Republic of China. The PRC at present has two SARs, Hong Kong and Macau; each has a Chief Executive as head of government. PRC divisions levels Article 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China authorizes the National People's Congress to create special administrative regions and to create a Hong Kong Basic Law|Basic Law which provides those regions with a high degree of autonomy, a separate political system and a capitalist economy under the principle of "One country, two systems" proposed by Deng Xiaoping. Currently, the two SARs of Hong Kong and Macau are responsible for all issues except diplomatic relations and national defense: consequently, they have their own judiciary|judiciaries and Court of Final Appeal|courts of final appeal, immigration policies, currency|currencies and extradition processes. Hong Kong remains using common law, whereas Macau remains using Portuguese legal system. Both the SARs each has their own passports, which requires 7 years of residence in the SAR, and therefore citizenships are differentiated from Chinese citizens in the mainland China|mainland (that is, there exist three types of citizenships in the PRC). The PRC has offered Taiwan a similar status to that of an SAR if it accepts mainland rule; however the Republic of China government refuses to accept the offer, and most polls indicate that only around 10% of the Taiwanese electorate support it. Unlike Hong Kong and Macau, Taiwan would be able to retain its own armed forces as an SAR. In the History of the political divisions of China#Republic of China|political division of the Republic of China, "special administrative regions" were historically used to designate special areas, most of which were eventually converted into provinces. These included:
Chahar Chahar (province)|Chahar was made a special administrative region in 1914 by the Republic of China, as a subdivision of the then Zhili province, with 6 Banner system|banners and 11 county of China|counties. In 1928 it became a province, with 5 of its counties partitioned to Suiyuan, and 10 counties were included from Hebei. This is not to be confused with "Special Economic Zone", which is a economic and taxation arrangement for other regions.
Category:Hong Kong law Category:People's Republic of China Category:Special territories Category:Hong Kong Category:Macau Category:Politics of Macau category:Politics of Hong Kong category:Laws of the People's Republic of China de:Sonderverwaltungszone fr:R?gion administrative sp?ciale zh:特别行政区 This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Special Administrative Region".
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