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From the Shang dynasty to the Qin dynasty|Qin, rulers usually held the title King (王 w?ng). With the division of China into separate Warring States, this title had become so common that the unifier of China, the first Qin emperor Qin Shi Huang created a new title for himself, that of Emperor of China|Emperor (皇帝 hu?ngd?). This title of Emperor continued to be used for the remainder of China's imperial history, right down to the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912. Chinese monarchs were known by many different names, and how they should be identified is often confusing. Sometimes the same emperor is commonly known by two or three separate names, or the same name is used by emperors of different dynasties. The tables below do not necessarily include all of an emperor's names - for example, posthumous names could run to more than twenty characters and were rarely used in historical writing - but where possible the most commonly used name or naming convention has been indicated. These tables may not necessarily represent the most recently updated information on Chinese monarchs; please check the page for the relevant dynasty for possible additional information. Ca. 2070 BC - 1600 BC<sup>1</sup>
Ca. 1600 BC - 1046 BC<sup>1</sup>
Mid 11th century BC - 256 BC, traditionally divided into:
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>Sovereigns of Qin Dynasty 221 BC|221 B.C.-207 BC|207 B.C.</caption> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Personal Names</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Period of Reigns</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center">Convention: "Qin" + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center">Note: King Zhaoxiang of Qin (秦昭襄王, Q?n Zhāoxiāng W?ng) had already been ruling Qin for 51 years when Qin anniliated Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC)|Zhou Dynasty; however the other six warring states were still independent regimes. Historiographers thus used the next year (the 52nd year of Qin Zhaoshang Wang) as the official continuation from Zhou Dynasty (1122 BC - 256 BC)|Zhou Dynasty therefore so should we. Qin Shi Huang was the first Chinese sovereign proclaiming himself "Emperor".</td> </tr> <tr> <td>昭襄王 Zhāoxiāng W?ng</td> <td>嬴則 Y?ng Z? or 嬴稷 Y?ng J?</td> <td>255 BC|255 B.C.-250 BC|250 B.C.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>孝文王 Xi?o W?nw?ng</td> <td>嬴柱 Y?ng Zh?</td> <td>250 BC|250 B.C.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>莊襄王 King_Zhuangxiang_of_Qin|Zhuāngxiāng W?ng</td> <td>嬴子楚 Y?ng Zichǔ</td> <td>249 BC|249 B.C.-247 BC|247 B.C.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>始皇帝 Qin Shi Huangdi|Shǐ Hu?ngd?</td> <td>嬴政 Y?ng Zh?ng</td> <td>246 BC|246 B.C.-210 BC|210 B.C.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>二世皇帝 Qin Er Shi|?r Sh? Hu?nd?</td> <td>嬴胡亥 Y?ng H?h?i</td> <td>209 BC|209 B.C.-207 BC|207 B.C.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="center">Ziying can be referred to using either his personal name or Q?n W?ng Ziyīng (秦王子嬰)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>嬴子嬰 Y?ng Ziyīng</td> <td>207 BC|207 B.C.</td> </tr> </table> <br> <br> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>Han Dynasty Sovereigns</caption> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Personal Names</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Period of Reigns</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: "Han" + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Western Han Dynasty 206 BC|206 B.C.-9 AD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Gaozu|Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)</td> <td>Liu Bang (劉邦 liu3 bang1)</td> <td>206 BC|206 B.C.-195 BC|195 B.C.</td> <td>Did not exist</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Huidi|Hui Di (惠帝 hui4 di4)</td> <td>Liu Ying (劉盈 liu3 ying2)</td> <td>194 BC|194 B.C.-188 BC|188 B.C.</td> <td>Did not exist</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Liu Gong|Shao Di (Shao Di Gong) (少帝 shao4 di4)</td> <td>Liu Gong|劉恭 liu3 gong1</td> <td>188 BC|188 B.C.-184 BC|184 B.C.</td> <td>Did not exist</td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Liu Hong|Shao Di (Shao Di Hong) (少帝 shao4 di4)</td> <td>Liu Hong|劉弘 liu3 hong2</td> <td>184 BC|184 B.C.-180 BC|180 B.C.</td> <td>Did not exist</td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Wendi|Wen Di (文帝 wen2 di4)</td> <td>Liu Heng (劉恆 liu3 heng2)</td> <td>179 BC|179 B.C.-157 BC|157 B.C.</td> <td>Houyuan (後元 hou4 yuan2) 163 BC|163 B.C.-156 BC|156 B.C.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Jingdi|Jing Di (景帝 jing3 di4)</td> <td>Liu Qi (劉啟 liu3 qi3)</td> <td>156 BC|156 B.C.-141 BC|141 B.C.</td> <td> Chngyuan (中元 zhong1 yuan2) 149 BC|149 B.C.-143 BC|143 B.C.<br> Houyuan (後元 hou4 yuan2) 143 BC|143 B.C.-141 BC|141 B.C.</td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Wudi|Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4)</td> <td>Liu Che (劉徹 liu3 che4)</td> <td>140 BC|140 B.C.-87 BC| 87 B.C.</td> <td> Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 140 BC|140 B.C.-135 BC|135 B.C.<br> Yuanguang(元光 yuan2 guang1) 134 BC|134 B.C.-129 BC|129 B.C.<br> Yuanshuo (元朔 yuan2 shuo4) 128 BC|128 B.C.-123 BC|123 B.C.<br> Yuanshou (元狩 yuan2 shou4) 122 BC|122 B.C.-117 BC|117 B.C.<br> Yuanding (元鼎 yuan2 ding3) 116 BC|116 B.C.-111 BC|111 B.C.<br> Yuanfeng (元封 yuan2 feng1) 110 BC|110 B.C.-105 BC|105 B.C.<br> Taichu (太初 tai4 chu1) 104 BC|104 B.C.-101 BC|101 B.C.<br> Tianhan (天漢 tian1 han4) 100 BC|100 B.C.-97 BC|97 B.C.<br> Taishi (太始 tai4 shi3) 96 BC|96 B.C.-93 BC|93 B.C.<br> Zhenghe (征和 zheng1 he2) 92 BC|92 B.C.-89 BC|89 B.C.<br> Houyuan (後元 hou4 yuan2) 88 BC|88 B.C.-87 BC|87 B.C.<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Zhaodi|Zhao Di (昭帝 zhao1 di4)</td> <td>Liu Fu Ling (劉弗陵 liu3 fu2 ling2)</td> <td>86 BC|86 B.C.-74 BC| 74 B.C.</td> <td> Shiyuan (始元 shi3 yuan2) 86 BC|86 B.C.-80 BC|80 B.C.<br> Yuanfeng (元鳳 yuan2 feng4) 80 BC|80 B.C.-75 BC|75 B.C.<br> Yuanping(元平 yuan2 ping2) 74 BC|74 B.C.<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Prince He of Changyi|Chang Yi Wang (昌邑王 chang1 yi2 wang2)</td> <td>Liu He (劉賀 liu3 he4)</td> <td>74 BC|74 B.C.</td> <td>Yuanping(元平 yuan2 ping2) 74 BC|74 B.C.<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Xuandi|Xuan Di (宣帝 xuan1 di4)</td> <td>Liu Xun (劉詢 liu3 xun2)</td> <td>73 BC|73 B.C.-49 BC| 49 B.C.</td> <td> Benshi (本始 ben3 shi3) 73 BC|73 B.C.-70 BC|70 B.C.<br> Dijie (地節 di4 jie2) 69 BC|69 B.C.-66 BC|66 B.C.<br> Yuankang (元康 yuan2 kang1) 65 BC|65 B.C.-61 BC|61 B.C.<br> Shenjue (神爵 shen2 jue2) 61 BC|61 B.C.-58 BC|58 B.C.<br> Wufeng (五鳳 wu3 feng4) 57 BC|57 B.C.-54 BC|54 B.C.<br> Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 53 BC|53 B.C.-50 BC|50 B.C.<br> Huanglong (黃龍 hunag2 long2) 49 BC|49 B.C.<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Yuan of Han China|Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4)</td> <td>Liu Shi (劉奭 liu3 shi4)</td> <td>48 BC|48 B.C.-33 BC| 33 B.C.</td> <td> Chuyuan (初元 chu1 yuan2) 48 BC|48 B.C.-44 BC|44 B.C.<br> Yongguang (永光 yong3 guang1) 43 BC|43 B.C.-39 BC|39 B.C.<br> Jianzhao (建昭 jian4 zhao1) 38 BC|38 B.C.-34 BC|34 B.C.<br> Jingning (竟寧 jing4 ning2) 33 BC|33 B.C.<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Cheng of Han China|Cheng Di (成帝 cheng2 di4)</td> <td>Liu Ao (劉驁 liu3 ao2)</td> <td>32 BC|32 B.C.-7 BC|7 B.C.</td> <td> Jianshi (建始 jian4 shi3) 32 BC|32 B.C.-28 BC|28 B.C.<br> Heping (河平 he2 ping2) 28 BC|28 B.C.-25 BC|25 B.C.<br> Yangshuo(陽朔 yang2 shuo4) 24 BC|24 B.C.-21 BC|21 B.C.<br> Hongjia (鴻嘉 hong2 jia1) 20 BC|20 B.C.-17 BC|17 B.C.<br> Yongshi (永始 yong3 shi3) 16 BC|16 B.C.-13 BC|13 B.C.<br> Yuanyan (元延 yuan2 yan2) 12 BC|12 B.C.-9 BC|9 B.C.<br> Suihe (綏和 sui1 he2) 8 BC|8 B.C.-7 BC|7 B.C.<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Ai of Han China|Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 di4)</td> <td>Liu Xin (劉欣 liu3 xin1)</td> <td>6 BC|6 B.C.-1 BC|1 B.C.</td> <td> Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 6 BC|6 B.C.-3 BC|3 B.C.<br> Yuanshou (元壽 yuan2 shou4) 2 BC|2 B.C.-1 BC|1 B.C.<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Pingdi|Ping Di (平帝 ping2 di4)</td> <td>Liu Kan (劉衎 liu3 kan4)</td> <td>1-5</td> <td>Yuanshi (元始 yuan2 shi3) 1-5<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Ruzi of Han China|Ru Zi Ying (孺子嬰 ru2 zi5 ying1)</td> <td>Liu Ying (劉嬰 liu3 ying1)</td> <td>6-8</td> <td> Jushe (居攝 ju1 she4) 6- October 8<br> Chushi (初始 chu1 shi3) November 8-December 8<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center">the Xin Dynasty by Wang Mang</td> <td>9-23</td> <td> Shijianguo (始建國 shi3 jian4 guo1) 9- 13<br> Tianfeng (天鳳 tian1 feng1) 14-19<br> Dihuang (地皇 di4 huang2) 20-23<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Gengshidi|Geng Shi Di (更始帝 gang4 shi3 di4)</td> <td>Liu Xuan (劉玄 liu3 xuan2)</td> <td>23-25</td> <td>Gengshi (更始 geng4 shi3) 23-25<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Eastern Han Dynasty 25 AD - 220 AD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Guangwudi|Guang Wu Di (光武帝 guang1 wu3 di4)</td> <td>Liu Xiu (劉秀 liu3 xiu4)</td> <td>25-57</td> <td> Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 25-56<br> Jianwuzhongyuan (建武中元 jian4 wu3 zhong1 yuan2) 56-57<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Mingdi|Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4)</td> <td>Liu Zhuang (劉莊 liu3 zhuang1)</td> <td>58-75</td> <td>Yongping (永平 yong3 ping2) 58-75<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Zhangdi|Zhang Di (章帝 zhang1 di4)</td> <td>Liu Da (劉炟 liu3 da2)</td> <td>76-88</td> <td> Jianchu (建初 jian4 chu1) 76-84<br> Yuanhe (元和 yuan2 he2) 84-87<br> Zhanghe (章和 zhang1 he2) 87-88<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Hedi|He Di (和帝 he2 di4)</td> <td>Liu Zhao (劉肇 liu3 zhao4)</td> <td>89-105</td> <td> Yongyuan (永元 yong3 yuan2) 89-105<br> Yuanxing (元興 yuan2 xing1) 105<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Shangdi|Shang Di (殤帝 shang1 di4)</td> <td>Liu Long (劉隆 liu3 long2)</td> <td>106</td> <td>Yanping (延平 yan2 ping2) 9 months in 106<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Andi|An Di (安帝 an1 di4)</td> <td>Liu Hu (劉祜 liu3 hu4)</td> <td>106-125</td> <td> Yongchu (永初 yong3 chu1) 107-113<br> Yuanchu (元初 yuan2 chu1) 114-120<br> Yongning(永寧 yong3 ning2) 120-121<br> Jianguang (建光 jian4 guang1) 121-122<br> Yanguang (延光 yan2 guang1) 122-125<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Marquess of Beixiang of Han China|Shao Di (少帝 shao4 di4) or Bei Xiang Hou (北鄉侯 bei3 xiang1 hou2)</td> <td>Liu Yi (劉懿 liu3 yi4)</td> <td>125</td> <td>Yanguang (延光 yan2 guang1) 125<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Shundi|Shun Di (順帝 shun4 di4)</td> <td>Liu Bao (劉保 liu3 bao2)</td> <td>125-144</td> <td> Yongjian (永建 yong3 jian4) 126-132<br> Yangjia (陽嘉 yang2 jia1) 132-135<br> Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 136-141<br> Hanan (漢安 han4 an1) 142-144<br> Jiankang (建康 jian4 kang1) 144<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Chongdi|Chong Di (沖帝 chong1 di4)</td> <td>Liu Bing (劉炳 liu3 bing3)</td> <td>144-145</td> <td>Yongxi (永熹 yong1 xi1) 145<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Zhidi|Zhi Di (質帝 zhi2 di4)</td> <td>Liu Zuan (劉纘 liu3 zuan3)</td> <td>145-146</td> <td>Benchu (本初 ben3 chu1) 146<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Huandi|Huan Di (桓帝 huan2 di4)</td> <td>Liu Zhi (劉志 liu3 zhi3)</td> <td>146-168</td> <td> Jianhe (建和 jian4 he2) 147-149<br> Heping (和平 he2 ping2) 150<br> Yuanjia (元嘉 yuan2 jia1) 151-153<br> Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 153-154<br> Yongshou (永壽 yong3 shou4) 155-158<br> Yanxi (延熹 yan2 xi1) 158-167<br> Yongkang (永康 yong3 kang1) 167<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Lingdi|Ling Di (靈帝 ling2 di4)</td> <td>Liu Hong (劉宏 liu2 hong2)</td> <td>168-189</td> <td> Jianning (建寧 jian4 ning2) 168-172<br> Xiping (熹平 xi1 ping2) 172-178<br> Guanghe (光和 guang1 he2) 178-184<br> Zhongping(中平 zhong1 ping2) 184-189<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>King_of_Hongnong_of_Han_China|Shao Di (少帝 shao4 di4) or Hong Nong Wang (弘農王 hong2 nong2 wang2)</td> <td>Liu Bian (劉辯 liu3 bian4)</td> <td>189</td> <td> Guangxi (光熹 guang1 xi1) 189<br> Zhaoning (昭寧 zhao1 ning2) 189<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Han Xiandi|Xian Di (獻帝 xian4 di4)</td> <td>Liu Xie (劉協 liu3 xie2)</td> <td>189-220</td> <td> Yonghan (永漢 yong3 han4) 189<br> Chuping (初平 chu1 ping2) 190-193<br> Xingping (興平 xing1 ping2) 194-195<br> Jianan (建安 jian4 an1) 196-220<br> Yankang (延康 yan2 kang1) 220<br> </td> </tr> </table> <br> <br> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>Three Kingdoms Sovereigns</caption> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Personal Names</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Period of Reigns</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Wei 220-265 AD</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: "Wei" + posthumous name, sometimes except Cao Pi who was referred using personal names.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cao Pi|Wen Di (文帝 wen2 di4)</td> <td>Cao Pi|曹丕 cao2 pi1</td> <td>220-226</td> <td>Huangchu (黃初 huang2 chu1) 220-226</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cao Rui|Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4)</td> <td>Cao Rui|曹叡 cao2 rui4</td> <td>226-239</td> <td> Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 227-233<br> Qinglong (青龍 qing1 long2) 233-237<br> Jingchu (景初 jing3 chu1) 237-239<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cao Fang|Qi Wang (齊王 qi2 wang2)</td> <td>Cao Fang|曹芳 cao2 fang1</td> <td>239-254</td> <td> Zhengshi (正始 zheng4 shi3) 240-249<br> Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 249-254<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cao Mao|Gao Gui Xiang Gong (高貴鄉公 gao1 gui4 xiang1 gong1)</td> <td>Cao Mao|曹髦 cao2 mao2</td> <td>254-260</td> <td> Zhengyuan (正元 zheng4 yuan2) 254-256<br> Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 256-260<br></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cao Huan|Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4)</td> <td>Cao Huan|曹奐 cao2 huan4</td> <td>260-265</td> <td> Jingyuan (景元 jing3 yuan2) 260-264<br> Xianxi (咸熙 xian2 xi1) 264-265<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Shu or Shu Han 221 - 263</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: use personal name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Liu Bei|Zhao Lie Di (昭烈帝 zhao1 lie4 di4)</td> <td>劉備 (liu2 bei4)</td> <td>221-223</td> <td>Zhangwu (章武 zhang1 wu3) 221-223<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Liu Chan|Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)</td> <td>Liu Chan|劉禪 (liu2 xhan2)</td> <td>223-263</td> <td> Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 223-237<br> Yanxi (延熙 yan2 xi1) 238-257<br> Jingyao (景耀 jing3 yao4) 258-263<br> Yanxing (炎興 yan2 xing1) 263<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Wu 222-280</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: use personal name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sun Quan|Da Di (大帝 da4 di4)</td> <td>孫權 sun1 quan2</td> <td>222-252</td> <td> Huangwu (黃武 huang2 wu3) 222-229<br> Huanglong (黃龍 huang2 long2) 229-231<br> Jiahe (嘉禾 jia1 he2) 232-238<br> Chiwu (赤烏 chi4 wu1) 238-251<br> Taiyuan (太元 tai4 yuan2) 251-252<br> Shenfeng (神鳳 shen2 feng4) 252 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sun Liang|Kuai ji wang (會稽王 kuai4 ji1 wang2)</td> <td>Sun Liang|孫亮 sun1 liang4</td> <td>252-258</td> <td> Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 252-253<br> Wufeng (五鳳 wu3 feng4) 254-256<br> Taiping (太平 tai4 ping2) 256-258<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sun Xiu|Jing Di (景帝 jing3 di4)</td> <td>Sun Xiu 孫休 sun1 xiu1</td> <td>258-264</td> <td>Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 258-264<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Sun Hao|Wu Cheng Hou (烏程侯 wu1 cheng2 hou2)</td> <td>Sun Hao 孫皓 sun1 hao4</td> <td>264-280</td> <td> Yuanxing (元興 yuan2 xing1) 264-265<br> Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 265-266<br> Baoding (寶鼎 bao3 ding3) 266-269<br> Jianheng (建衡 jian4 heng2) 269-271<br> Fenghuang (鳳凰 feng4 huang2) 272-274<br> Tiance (天冊 tian1 ce4) 275-276<br> Tianxi (天璽 tian1 xi3) 276<br> Tianji (天紀 tian1 ji4) 277-280<br> </td> </tr> </table> <br> <br> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>Jin Dynasty (265-420) Sovereigns</caption> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Personal Names</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Period of Reigns</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: "Jin" + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Xi (Western) Jin Dynasty (265-420)|Jin Dynasty 265-317</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Wu of Jin China|Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4)</td> <td>Sima Yan 司馬炎 si1 ma3 yan2</td> <td>265-290</td> <td> Taishi (泰始 tai4 shi3) 265-274<br> Xianning (咸寧 xian2 ning2)275-280<br> Taikang (太康 tai4 kang1) 280-289<br> Taixi (太熙 tai4 xi1) 290<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Hui of Jin China|Hui Di (惠帝 hui4 di4)</td> <td>Sima Zhong|司馬衷 si1 ma3 zhong1</td> <td>290-306</td> <td> Yongxi (永熙 yong3 xi1) 290<br> Yongping (永平 yong3 ping) 291<br> Yuankang (元康 yuan2 kang1) 291-299<br> Yongkang (永康 yong3 kang1) 300-301<br> Yongning (永寧 yong3 ning2) 301-302<br> Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 302-303<br> Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 304<br> Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 304<br> Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 304<br> Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 304-306<br> Guangxi (光熙 guang1 xi1) 306<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Huai of Jin China|Huai Di (懷帝 huai2 di4)</td> <td>Sima Chi|司馬熾 si1 ma3 chi4</td> <td>307-311</td> <td>Yongjia (永嘉 yong3 jia1) 307-313<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Min of Jin China|Min Di(愍帝 min3 di4)</td> <td>Sima Ye|司馬鄴 si1 ma3 ye4</td> <td>313-317</td> <td>Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 313-317<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Dong (Eastern) Jin Dynasty (265-42)|Jin Dynasty 317 AD - 420 AD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Yuan of Jin China|Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4)</td> <td>Sima Rui|司馬睿 si1 ma3 rui4</td> <td>317-322</td> <td> Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 317-318<br> Daxing (大興 da4 xing1) 318-321<br> Yongchang (永昌 yong3 chang3) 321-322<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Ming of Jin China|Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4)</td> <td>Sima Shao|司馬紹 si1 ma3 shao4</td> <td>322-325</td> <td> Yongchang (永昌 yong3 chang3) 322-323<br> Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 323-325<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Cheng of Jin China|Cheng Di (成帝 cheng2 di4)</td> <td>Sima Yan|司馬衍 si1 ma3 yan3</td> <td>325-342</td> <td> Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 325<br> Xianhe (咸和 xian2 he2) 326-334<br> Xiankang (咸康 xian2 kang1) 335-342<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Kang of Jin China|Kang Di (康帝 kang1 di4)</td> <td>Sima Yue|司馬岳 si1 ma3 yue4</td> <td>342-344</td> <td>Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 343-344<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Mu of Jin China|Mu Di (穆帝 mu4 di4)</td> <td>Sima Dan|司馬聃 si1 ma3 dan1</td> <td>345-361</td> <td> Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 345-356<br> Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 357-361<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Ai of Jin China|Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 di4)</td> <td>Sima Pi|司馬丕 si1 ma3 pi1</td> <td>361-365</td> <td> Longhe (隆和 long2 he2) 362-363<br> Xingning (興寧 xing1 ning2) 363-365<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Fei of Jin China|Fei Di (海西公 hai3 xi1 gong1)</td> <td>Sima Yi|司馬奕 si1 ma3 yi4</td> <td>365-371</td> <td>Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 365-371<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Jianwen of Jin China|Jian Wen Di (簡文帝 jian3 wen2 di4)</td> <td>Sima Yu|司馬昱 si1 ma3 yu4</td> <td>371-372</td> <td>Xianan (咸安 xian2 an1) 371-372<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Xiaowu of Jin China|Xiao Wu Di (孝武帝 xiao4 wu3 di4)</td> <td>Sima Yao|司馬曜 si1 ma3 yao4</td> <td>372-396</td> <td> Ningkang (寧康 ning2 kang1) 373-375<br> Taiyuan (太元 tai4 yuan2) 376-396<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor An of Jin China|An Di (安帝 an1 di4)</td> <td>Sima De Zong|司馬德宗 si1 ma3 de2 zong1</td> <td>396-418</td> <td> Longan (隆安 long2 an1) 397-401<br> Yuanxing (元興 yuan2 xing1) 402-404<br> Yixi (義熙 yi4 xi1) 405-418<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Gong of Jin China|Gong Di (恭帝 gong1 di4)</td> <td>Sima De Wen|司馬德文 si1 ma3 de2 wen2</td> <td>419-420</td> <td>Yuanxi (元熙 yuan2 xi1) 419-420<br> </td> </tr> </table> <br> <br> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>Sovereigns in the Period of Sixteen Kingdoms</caption> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4)</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 )</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Personal Names</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Period of Reigns</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Convention: use personal name</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Han Zhao Empire 304-329 AD (addressed separately in traditional texts as Han Empire and Former Zhao Empire)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Han Empire 304-318</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)</td> <td>Guang Wen Di (光文帝 guang1 wen2 di4)</td> <td>Liu Yuan|劉淵 liu2 yuan1</td> <td>304-310</td> <td> Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 304-308<br> Yongfeng (永鳳 yong3 feng4) 308-309<br> Herui (河瑞 he2 rui4) 309-310</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Liang Wang (梁王 liang2 wang2)</td> <td>Liu He|劉和 liu2 he2</td> <td>7 days in 310</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1)</td> <td>Zhao Wu Di (昭武帝 zhao1 wu3 di4)</td> <td>Liu Cong|劉聰 liu2 cong1</td> <td>310-318</td> <td> Guangxing (光興 guang1 xing1) 310-311<br> Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 311-315<br> Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 315-316<br> Linjia (麟嘉 lin2 jia1) 316-318<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yin Di (隱帝 yin3 di4)</td> <td>Liu Can|劉粲 liu2 can4</td> <td>a month and days in 318</td> <td>Hanchang (漢昌 han4 chang1) 318<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Qian (Former) Zhao Empire 318-329</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)</td> <td>Liu Yao|劉曜 liu2 yao4</td> <td>318-329</td> <td>Guangchu (光初 guang1 chu1) 318-329<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Hou (Later) Zhao Empire 319 - 351</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)</td> <td>Ming Di (明帝 ming2 di4)</td> <td>Shi Le|石勒 shi2 le4</td> <td>319-333</td> <td> Zhaowang (趙王 zhao4 wang2) 319-328<br> Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 328-330<br> Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 330-333<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Hai Yang Wang (海陽王 hai3 yang2 wang2)</td> <td>Shi Hong|石弘 shi2 hong2</td> <td>333-334</td> <td> Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 333<br> Yanxi (延熙 yan2 xi1) 334<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)</td> <td>Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4)</td> <td>Shi Hu|石虎 shi2 hu3</td> <td>334-349</td> <td> Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 334-349<br> Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 349<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Qiao Wang (譙王 qiao2 wang2)</td> <td>Shi Shi|石世 shi2 shi4</td> <td>73 days in 349</td> <td>Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 73 days in 349<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Pang Cheng Wang (彭城王 pang2 cheng2 wang2)</td> <td>Shi Zun|石遵 shi2 zun1</td> <td>183 days in 349</td> <td>Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 183 days in 349<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yi Yang Wang (義陽王 yi4 yang2 wang2)</td> <td>Shi Jian|石鑒 shi2 jian4</td> <td>103 days within 349-350</td> <td>Qinglong (青龍 qing1 long2) 103 days within 349-350<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Xin Xing Wang (新興王 xin1 xing1 wang2)</td> <td>Shi Zhi|石祗 shi2 zhi1</td> <td>350-351</td> <td>Yongning (永寧 yong3 ning2) 349-350<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Cheng Han Empire 303-347 AD(addressed separately in traditional texts as Cheng Empire and Han Empire)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Cheng Empire 303-338</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shi Zu (始祖 shi3 zu3) or Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3)</td> <td>Jing Di (景帝 jing3 di4)</td> <td>Li Te|李特 li3 te4</td> <td>303</td> <td>Jianchu (建初 jian4 chu1) or Jingchu (景初 jing3 chu1) 303<br> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Qin Wen Wang (秦文王 qin2 wen2 wang2)</td> <td>Li Liu|李流 li3 liu2</td> <td>several months in 303</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tai Zong (太宗 tai4 zong1)</td> <td>Wu Di (武帝 wu3 di4)</td> <td>Li Xiong|李雄 li3 xiong2</td> <td>303-334</td> <td> Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 303-305<br> Yanping (晏平 yan4 ping2) 305-311<br> Yuheng (玉衡 yu4 heng2) 311-334<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 si4)</td> <td>Li Ban|李班 li3 ban1</td> <td>7 months in 334</td> <td>Yuheng (玉衡 yu4 heng2) 7 months in 334<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>You Gong (幽公 you1 gong1)</td> <td>Li Qi|李期 li3 qi1</td> <td>334-338</td> <td>Yuheng (玉恆 yu4 heng2) 334-338<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Han Empire 338-347</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1)</td> <td>Zhao Wen Di (昭文帝 zhao1 wen2 di4)</td> <td>Li Shou|李壽 li3 shou4</td> <td>338-343</td> <td>Hanxing (漢興 han4 xing1) 338-343<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Gui Yi Hou (歸義侯 gui1 yi4 hou2)</td> <td>Li Shi|李勢 li3 shi4</td> <td>343-347</td> <td> Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 343-346<br> Jianing (嘉寧 jia1 ning2) 346-347<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Qian (Former) Yan Empire 337-370</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)</td> <td>Wen Ming Di (文明帝 wen2 ming2 di4)</td> <td>Mu Rong Huang|慕容皝 mu4 rong2 huang3</td> <td>337-348</td> <td>Yanwang (燕王 yan4 wang2) 337-348<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1)</td> <td>Jing Zhao Di (景昭帝 jing3 zhao1 di4)</td> <td>Mu Rong Jun|慕容俊 mu4 rong2 jun4</td> <td>348-360</td> <td> Yanwang (燕王 yan4 wang2) 348-353<br> Yuanxi (元璽 yuan2 xi3) 353-357<br> Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 357<br> Guangshou (光壽 gunag1 shou4) 357-360<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>You Di (幽帝 you1 di4)</td> <td>Mu Rong Wei|慕容暐 mu4 rong2 wei3</td> <td>360-370</td> <td> Jianxi (建熙 jian4 xi1) 360-365<br> Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 365-370<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Hou (Later) Yan Empire 384-407</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3)</td> <td>Wu Cheng Di (武成帝 wu3 cheng2 di4)</td> <td>Mu Rong Chui|慕容垂 mu4 rong2 chui2</td> <td>384-396</td> <td> Yanyuan (燕王 yan4 wang2) 384-385<br> Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 386-396<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lie Zong (烈宗 lie4 zong1)</td> <td>Hui Min Di (惠愍帝 hui4 min3 di4)</td> <td>Mu Rong Bao|慕容寶 mu4 rong2 bao3</td> <td>396-398</td> <td>Yongkang (永康 yong3 kang1) 396-398<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1)</td> <td>Zhao Wu Di (昭武帝 zhao1 wu3 di4)</td> <td>Mu Rong Sheng|慕容盛 mu4 rong2 sheng4</td> <td>398-401</td> <td> Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 398<br> Changluo (長樂 chang2 le4) 399-401<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Zhao Wen Di (昭文帝 zhao1 wen2 di4)</td> <td>Mu Rong Xi|慕容熙 mu4 rong2 xi1</td> <td>401-407</td> <td> Guangshi (光始 guang1 shi3) 401-406<br> Jianshi (建始 jian4 shi3) 407<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Nan (Southern) Yan Empire 398-410</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shi Zong (世宗 shi4 zong1)</td> <td>Xian Wu Di (獻武帝 xian4 wu3 di4)</td> <td>Mu Rong De|慕容德 mu4 rong2 de2</td> <td>398-405</td> <td> Yanwang (燕王 yan4 wang2) 398-400<br> Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 400-405<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)</td> <td>Mu Rong Chao|慕容超 mu4 rong2 chao1</td> <td>405-410</td> <td>Taishang (太上 tai4 shang4) 405-410<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Bei (Northern) Yan Empire 407-436</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Hui Yi Di (惠懿帝 hui4 yi4 di4)</td> <td>Gao Yun|高雲 gao1 yun2</td> <td>407-409</td> <td>Zhengshi (正始 zheng4 shi3) 407-409<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)</td> <td>Wen Cheng Di (文成帝 wen2 cheng2 di4)</td> <td>Feng Ba|馮跋 feng2 ba2</td> <td>409-430</td> <td>Taiping (太平 tai4 ping2) 409-430<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Zhao Cheng Di (昭成帝 zhao1 cheng2 di4)</td> <td>Feng Hong|馮弘 feng2 hong2</td> <td>430-436</td> <td>Daxing (大興 da4 xing1) 430-436<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Qian (Former) Liang Kingdom 320-376</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Cheng Gong (成公 cheng2 gong1)</td> <td>Zhang Mao|張茂 zhang1 mao4</td> <td>320-324</td> <td>Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 320-324<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Zhong Cheng Gong (忠成公 zhong1 cheng2 gong1)</td> <td>Zhang Jun|張駿 zhang1 jun4</td> <td>324-346</td> <td>Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 324-346<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Huan Gong (桓公 huan2 gong1)</td> <td>Zhang Chong Hua|張重華 zhang1 chong2 hua2</td> <td>346-353</td> <td>Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 346-353<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Ai Gong (哀公 ai1 gong1)</td> <td>Zhang Yao Ling|張曜靈 zhang1 yao4 ling2</td> <td>3 months (the ninth to the twelfth month) in 353</td> <td>Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 353<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Wei Wang (威王 wei1 wang2)</td> <td>Zhang Zuo|張祚 zhang1 zuo4</td> <td>353-355</td> <td> Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 353-354<br> Heping (和平 he2 ping2) 354-355<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Jing Dao Gong (敬悼公 jing4 dao4 gong1) or Chong Gong (沖公 chong1 gong1)</td> <td>Zhang Xuan Jing|張玄靖 zhang1 xuan2 jing4</td> <td>355-363</td> <td> Jianxing (建興 jian4 xing1) 355-361<br> Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 361-363<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Dao Gong (悼公 dao4 gong1) </td> <td>Zhang Tian Xi|張天錫 zhang1 tian1 xi2</td> <td>364-376</td> <td>Shengping (升平 sheng1 ping2) 364-376<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Hou (Later) Liang Kingdom 386 AD - 403 AD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)</td> <td>Yi Wu Wang (懿武王 yi4 wu3 wang2)</td> <td>Luu Guang|呂光 uu3 guang1</td> <td>386-399</td> <td> Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 386-389<br> Lunjia (麟嘉 lun2 jia1) 389-396<br> Longfei (龍飛 long2 fei1) 396-399<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yin Wang (隱王 yin3 wang2)</td> <td>Luu Shao|呂紹 luu3 shao4</td> <td>399</td> <td>Longfei (龍飛 long2 fei1) 399<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Ling Wang (靈王 ling2 wang2)</td> <td>Luu Zuan|呂纂 luu3 zuan3</td> <td>399-401</td> <td>Xianning (咸寧 xian2 ning2) 399-401<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Shang Shu Gong (尚書公 shang4 shu1 gong1) or Jiankang Gong (建康公 jian4 kang1 gong1)</td> <td>Luu Long|呂隆 luu3 long2</td> <td>401-403</td> <td>Shending (神鼎 shen2 ding3) 401-403<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Nan (Southern) Liang Kingdom 397 AD - 414 AD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lie Zu (烈祖 lie4 zu3)</td> <td>Wu Wang (武王 wu3 wang2)</td> <td>Tufa Wu Gu|禿髮烏孤 tu1 fa3 wu1 gu1</td> <td>397-399</td> <td>Taichu (太初 tai4 chu1) 397-399<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Kang Wang (康王 kang1 wang2)</td> <td>Tufa Li Lu Gu|禿髮利鹿孤 tu1 fa3 li4 lu4 gu1</td> <td>399-402</td> <td>Jianhe (建和 jian4 he2) 399-402<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Jing Wang (景王 jing3 wang2) or Jing Wang (敬王 jing4 wang2)</td> <td>Tufa Ru Tan|禿髮傉檀 tu1 fa3 li4 ru4 tan2</td> <td>402-414</td> <td> Hongchang (弘昌 hong2 chang1) 402-404<br> Jiaping (嘉平 jia1 ping2) 409-414<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Bei (Northern) Liang Kingdom 397-414 (as Kings of Gao Chang 442-460)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Duan Ye|段業 duan4 ye4</td> <td>397-401</td> <td> Shen Xi (神璽 shen2 xi3) 397-399<br> Tian Xi (天璽 tian1 xi3) 399-401<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)</td> <td>Wu Xuan Wang (武宣王 wu3 xuan1 wang2)</td> <td>Ju Qu Meng Xun|沮渠蒙遜 ju3 qu2 meng2 xun4</td> <td>401-433</td> <td> Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 401-412<br> Xuanshi (玄始 xuan2 shi3) 412-428<br> Chengxuan (承玄 cheng2 xuan2) 428-430<br> Yihe (義和 yi4 he2) 430-433<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Ai Wang (哀王 ai1 wang2) <td>Ju Qu Mu Jian|沮渠牧犍 ju3 qu2 mu4 jian1</td> <td>433-439</td> <td>Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 433-439<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Ju Qu Wu Hui|沮渠無諱 ju3 qu2 wu2 hui4</td> <td>442-444</td> <td> Chengping (承平 cheng2 ping2) 442-443<br> Qianshou (乾壽 qian2 shou4) 443-444<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Ju Qu An Zhou|沮渠安周 ju3 qu2 an1 zhou1</td> <td>444-460</td> <td>Chengping (承平 cheng2 ping2) 444-460<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Xi (Western) Liang Kingdom 400-421</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)</td> <td>Wu Zhao Wang (武昭王 wu3 zhao1 wang2)</td> <td>Li Gao|李暠 li3 gao3</td> <td>400-417</td> <td> Gengzi (庚子 geng1 zi5) 400-405<br> Jianchu (建初 jian4 chu1) 406-416<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)</td> <td>Li Xin|李歆 li3 xin1</td> <td>417-420</td> <td>Jiaxing (嘉興 jia1 xing1) 417-420<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)</td> <td>Li Xun|李恂 li3 xun2</td> <td>420-421</td> <td>Yongjian (永建 yong3 jian4) 420-421<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center"> Qian Former Qin Empire 351 AD - 394 AD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)</td> <td>Jing Ming Di (景明帝 jing3 ming2 di4)</td> <td>Fu Jian|苻健 fu2 jian4</td> <td>351-355</td> <td>Huangshi (皇始 huang2 shi3) 351-355<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Li Wang (厲王 li4 wang2)</td> <td>Fu Sheng|苻生 fu2 sheng1</td> <td>355-357</td> <td>Shouguang (壽光 shou4 guang1) 355-357<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3)</td> <td>Xuan Zhao Di (宣昭帝 xuan1 zhao1 di4)</td> <td>Fu Jian|苻堅 fu2 jian1</td> <td>357-385</td> <td> Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 357-359<br> Ganlu (甘露 gan1 lu4) 359-364<br> Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 365-385<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Ai Ping Di (哀平帝 ai1 ping2 di4)</td> <td>Fu Pi|苻丕 fu2 pi1</td> <td>385-386</td> <td>Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 385-386<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tai Zong (太宗 tai4 zong1)</td> <td>Gao Di (高帝 gao1 di4)</td> <td>Fu Deng|苻登 fu2 deng1</td> <td>386-394</td> <td>Taichu (太初 tai4 chu1) 385-394<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)</td> <td>Fu Chong|苻崇 fu2 chong2</td> <td>several months in 394</td> <td>Yanchu (延初 yan2 chu1) 394<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Hou (Later) Qin Empire 384 AD - 417 AD</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)</td> <td>Wu Zhao Di (武昭帝 wu3 zhao1 di4)</td> <td>Yao Chang|姚萇 yao2 chang2</td> <td>384-393</td> <td> Bai Que(白雀 bai2 que4) 384-386<br> Jianchu (建初 jian4 chu1) 386-393<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)</td> <td>Wen Huan Di (文桓帝 wen2 huan2 di4)</td> <td>Yao Xing|姚興 yao2 xing1</td> <td>394-416</td> <td> Huangchu (皇初 huang2 chu1) 394-399<br> Hongshi (弘始 hong2 shi3) 399-416<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)</td> <td>Yao Hong|姚泓 yao2 hong2</td> <td>416-417</td> <td>Yonghe (永和 yong3 he2) 416-417<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Xi (Western) Qin Kingdom 385-400,409-431</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lie Zu (烈祖 lie4 zu3)</td> <td>Xuan Lie Wang (宣烈王 xuan1 lie4 wang2)</td> <td>Qifu Guo Ren|乞伏國仁 qi3 fu2 guo2 ren2</td> <td>385-388</td> <td>Jianyi (建義 jian4 yi4) 385-388<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)</td> <td>Wu Yuan Wang (武元王 wu3 yuan2 wang2)</td> <td>Qifu Gan Gui|乞伏乾歸 qi3 fu2 gan1 gui1</td> <td>388-400,409-412</td> <td> Taichu (太初 tai4 chu1) 388-400<br> Gengshi (更始 geng4 shi3) 409-412<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tai Zu (太祖 tai4 zu3)</td> <td>Wen Zhao Wang (文昭王 wen2 zhao1 wang2)</td> <td>Qifu Chi Pan|乞伏熾磐 qi3 fu2 chi4 pan2</td> <td>388-400,409-412</td> <td> Yongkang (永康 yong3 kang1) 412-419<br> Jianhong (建弘 jian4 hong2) 420-428<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Hou Zhu (後主 hou4 xhu3)</td> <td>Qifu Mu Mo|乞伏暮末 qi3 fu2 mu4 mo4</td> <td>428-431</td> <td>Yonghong (永弘 yong3 hong2) 428-431<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Xia Empire 407-431</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shi Zu (世祖 shi4 zu3)</td> <td>Wu Lie Di (武烈帝 wu3 lie4 di4)</td> <td>Helian Bo Bo|赫連勃勃 he4 lian2 bo2 bo2</td> <td>407-425</td> <td> Longsheng (龍升 long2 sheng1) 407-413<br> Fengxiang (鳳翔 feng4 xiang2) 413-418<br> Changwu (昌武 chang1 wu3) 418-419<br> Zhenxing (真興 chen1 xing1) 419-425<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Qin Wang (秦王 qin2 wang2)</td> <td>Helian Chang|赫連昌 he4 lian2 chang1</td> <td>425-428</td> <td>Chengguang (承光 cheng2 guang1) 425-428<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Ping Yuan Wang (平原王 ping2 yuan2 wang2)</td> <td>Helian Ding|赫連定 he4 lian2 ding4</td> <td>428-431</td> <td>Shengguang (勝光 sheng4 guang1) 425-428<br> </td> </tr> </table> Sovereignties established by Wu Hu <br> <br> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>Sovereignties established by Chinese and Wu Hu but traditionally not counted in the Sixteen Kingdoms</caption> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Personal Names</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Period of Reigns</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: use personal name</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Ran Wei Kingdom 350-352 (addressed as Wei Kingdom in traditional texts)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wu Dao Tian Wang (武道天王 wu3 dao4 tian1 wang2) </td> <td>Ran Min|冉閔 ran3 min3</td> <td>350-352</td> <td>Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 350-352<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Xi (Western) Yan Empire 384-394</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wei Di (威帝 wei1 di4)</td> <td>Mu Rong Hong|慕容泓 mu4 rong2 hong2</td> <td>384</td> <td>Yanxing (燕興 yan4 xing1) 384<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Mu Rong Chong|慕容沖 mu4 rong2 chong1</td> <td>384-386</td> <td> Yanxing (燕興 yan4 xing1) 384-385<br> Gengshi (更始 geng4 shi3) 385-386<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Duan Sui|段隨 duan4 sui2</td> <td>386</td> <td>Changping (昌平 chang1 ping2) 386<br></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Mu Rong Tao|慕容韜 mu4 rong2 tao1</td> <td>386</td> <td>Jianming (建明 jian4 ming2) 386<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Mu Rong Yao|慕容瑤 mu4 rong2 yao2</td> <td>386</td> <td>Jianping (建平 jian4 ping2) 386<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Mu Rong Zhong|慕容忠 mu4 rong2 zhong1</td> <td>386</td> <td>Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 386<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Mu Rong Yong|慕容永 mu4 rong2 yong3</td> <td>386-394</td> <td>Zhongxing (中興 zhong1 xing1) 386-394<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Shu Kingdom 405-413</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Cheng Du Wang (成都王 cheng2 du1 wang2) </td> <td>Qiao Zong|譙縱 qiao2 zong4</td> <td>405-413</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Chieftains of Tiefu Tribe ( mid-3rd century-391 )</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Liu Qu Bei|劉去卑 liu2 qu4 bei1</td> <td>mid 3rd century</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Liu Gao Sheng Yuan|劉誥升爰 liu2 gao4 sheng1 yuan2</td> <td>mid 3rd century - late 3rd century</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Liu Hu|劉虎 liu2 hu3</td> <td>early 4th century (309?) - 341</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Liu Wu Heng|劉務恒 liu2 wu4 heng2</td> <td>341-356</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Liu E Lou Tou|劉閼陋頭 liu2 e4 lou4 tou2</td> <td>356-358</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Liu Xi Wu Qi|劉悉勿祈 liu2 xi1 wu4 qi2</td> <td>358-359</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Liu Wei Chen|劉衛辰 liu2 wei4 chen2</td> <td>359-391</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Chieftains of Yuwen Tribe ( late-3rd century-345 )</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yuwen Mo Huai|宇文莫槐 yu3 wen2 mo4 huai2</td> <td>late 3rd century-293</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yuwen Pu Hui|宇文普回 yu3 wen2 pu3 hui2 or Yuwen Pu Bo|宇文普撥 yu3 wen2 pu3 bo1</td> <td>293-late 3rd century</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yuwen Qiu Bu Quan|宇文丘不勤 yu3 wen2 qiu1 bu4 qin2</td> <td>late 3rd century</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yuwen Mo Gui|宇文莫圭 yu3 wen2 mo4 gui1</td> <td>late 3rd century (299?)- early 4th century (302?)</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yuwen Xi Du Guan|宇文悉獨官 yu3 wen2 xi1 du2 guan1</td> <td>early 3rd century</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yuwen Qi De Gui|宇文乞得歸 yu3 wen2 qi3 de5 gui1</td> <td>early 3rd century - 333</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yuwen Yi Dou Gui|宇文逸豆歸 yu3 wen2 yi4 dou4 gui1</td> <td>333-345</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Dukes of Liaoxi 303-338</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Duan Wu Wu Chen|段務勿塵 duan4 wu4 wu4 chen2</td> <td>303-310 or 311</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Duan Ji Lu Quan|段疾陸眷 duan4 ji2 lu4 juan4</td> <td>310 or 311 - 318</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Duan She Fu Chen|段涉復辰 duan4 she4 fu4 chen2</td> <td>318</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Duan Pi Di|段匹磾 duan4 pi3 di1</td> <td>318-321</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Duan Mo Pei|段末柸 duan4 mo4 pei1</td> <td>318-325</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Duan Ya|段牙 duan4 ya2</td> <td>325</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Duan Liao|段遼 duan4 liao2</td> <td>326-338</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Chieftains, Dukes and Kings of Chouchi, Wuxing and Yinping (late 2nd century- mid 6th century (555?) )</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">First Phase of Chouchi (late 2nd century-371)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Teng|楊騰 yang2 teng2</td> <td>late 2nd century- early 3rd century</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Ju|楊駒 yang2 ju1</td> <td>early 3rd century</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Qian Wan|楊千萬 yang2 qian1 wan4</td> <td>early 3rd century - mid 3rd century</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Fei Long|楊飛龍 yang2 fei1 long2</td> <td>mid 3rd century - late 3rd century</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Mao Sou|楊茂搜 yang2 mao4 sou1</td> <td>late 3rd century - 317</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Nan Di|楊難敵 yang2 nan2 di2</td> <td>317-334</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Yi|楊毅 yang2 yi4</td> <td>334-337</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Chu|楊初 yang2 chu1</td> <td>337-355</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Guo|楊國 yang2 guo2</td> <td>355-356</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Jun|楊俊 yang2 jun4</td> <td>356-360</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Shi|楊世 yang2 shi4</td> <td>360-370</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Cuan|楊篡 yang2 cuan4</td> <td>370-371</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Second Phase of Chouchi 385-473</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wu Wang|武王 wu3 wang2</td> <td>Yang Ding|楊定 yang2 ding4</td> <td>385-394</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hui Wen Wang|惠文王 hui4 wen2 wang2</td> <td>Yang Sheng|楊盛 yang2 sheng4</td> <td>394-425</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xiao Zhao Wang|孝昭王 xiao4 zhao1 wang2</td> <td>Yang Xuan|楊玄 yang2 xuan2</td> <td>425-429</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Bao Zong|楊保宗 yang2 bao3 zong1</td> <td>429 and 443</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Nan Dang|楊難當 yang2 nan2 dang1</td> <td>429-441</td> <td>Jianyi (建義 jian4 yi4) 436-440<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Bao Chi|楊保熾 yang2 bao3 chi4</td> <td>442-443</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Wen De|楊文德 yang2 wen2 de2</td> <td>443-454</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Yuan He|楊元和 yang2 yuan2 he2</td> <td>455-466</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Seng Si|楊僧嗣 yang2 seng1 si4</td> <td>466-473</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Kings of Wuxing 473-506 and 534-555</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Wen Du|楊文度 yang2 wen2 du4</td> <td>473-477</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Wen Hong|楊文弘 yang2 wen2 hong2</td> <td>477-482</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Hou Qi|楊後起 yang2 hou4 qi3</td> <td>482-486</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>An Wang (安王 an1 wang2)</td> <td>Yang Ji Shi|楊集始 yang2 ji2 shi3</td> <td>482-503</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Shao Xian|楊紹先 yang2 shao4 xian1</td> <td>503-506, 534-535</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Zhi Hui|楊智慧 yang2 zhi4 hui4</td> <td>535-545</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Bi Xie|楊辟邪 yang2 bi4 xie2</td> <td>545-553</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Note: Yang Zhi Hui and Yang Bi Xie could be the same person</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Kings of Yinping 477- mid 6th century</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Guang Xiang|楊廣香 yang2 guang3 xiang1</td> <td>477-483?</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Jiong|楊炯 yang2 jiong3</td> <td>483-495</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Chong Zu|楊崇祖 yang2 chong2 zu3</td> <td>495-before 502</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Meng Sun|楊孟孫 yang2 meng4 sun1</td> <td>before 502-511</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Yang Ding|楊定 yang2 ding4</td> <td>511- ?</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Chieftains of Tuoba Tribe 219-377 (as Kings of Dai 305?-377)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">As a well known fact, Tuoba Family was the ruling family of Northern Wei Dynasty, founded by Tuoba Gui. Hence Table of Northern Wei Dynasty will start with him, not as a continuation of this table.</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Note: All chieftains were revered as emperors in <i>Weishu</i> and <i>Beishi</i> which they never were. They were denoted here as 王(wang2) which was inherited by all successors of Tuoba Yi Lu.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shen Yuan Wang|神元王 shen2 yuan2 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba Li Wei|拓拔力微 tou4 ba2 li4 wei2</td> <td>219-277</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Note: His temple name was Shi Zu|始祖 shi2 zu3. Another column was not created since only he was the only chieftain before Tuoba Gui revered with a temple name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Zhang Wang|章王 zhang1 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba Xi Lu|拓拔悉鹿 tou4 ba2 xi1 lu4</td> <td>277-286</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ping Wang|平王 ping2 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba Chuo|拓拔綽 tou4 ba2 chuo4</td> <td>286-293</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Si Wang|思王 si1 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba Fu|拓拔弗 tou4 ba2 fu2</td> <td>293-294</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Zhao Wang|昭王 zhao1 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba Lu Guan|拓拔祿官 tou4 ba2 lu4 guan1</td> <td>294-307</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mu Wang|穆王 mu4 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba Yi Tuo|拓拔猗(㐌 - 拖 without 手) tou4 ba2 yi1 yi2</td> <td>295-305</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mu Wang|穆王 mu4 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba Yi Lu|拓拔猗盧 tou4 ba2 yi1 lu2</td> <td>295-316</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Tuoba Pu Gen|拓拔普根 tou4 ba2 pu3 gen1</td> <td>316</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Tuoba (no first name)|拓拔? tou4 ba2 ?</td> <td>316</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ping Wen Wang|平文王 ping2 wen2 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba Yu Luu|拓拔鬱律 tou4 ba2 yu4 luu4</td> <td>316-321</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hui Wang|惠王 hui4 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba He Ru|拓拔賀傉 tou4 ba2 he4 ru4</td> <td>321-325</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Yang Wang|煬王 yang2 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba He Na|拓拔紇那 tou4 ba2 he2 na3</td> <td>325-329 and 335-337</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Lie Wang|烈王 lie4 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba Yi Huai|拓拔翳槐 tou4 ba2 yi4 huai2</td> <td>329-335 and 337-338</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Zhao Cheng Wang|昭成王 zhao1 cheng2 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba Shi Yi Jian|拓拔什翼健 tou4 ba2 shi2 yi4 jian4</td> <td>338-377</td> <td>Jianguo (建國 jian4 guo2) 338-377<br> </td> </tr> </table> <br> <br> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>Sovereigns in the Southern and Northern Dynasty|Northern and Southern Dynasties Period</caption> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Personal Names</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Period of Reigns</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Northern dynasty</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Bei Northern Wei Dynasty 386-535</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: Bei (Northern) Wei + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">As a well known fact Tuoba family changed their family name to 元(yuan2) during the reign of Xiao Wen Di in 496 so we will also change from there.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dao Wu Di|道武帝 dao4 wu3 di4</td> <td>Tuoba Gui|拓拔珪 tou4 ba2 gui1</td> <td>386-409</td> <td> Dengguo (登國 deng1 guo2) 386-396<br> Huangshi (皇始 huang2 shi3) 396-398<br> Tianxing (天興 tian1 xing1) 398-404<br> Tianci (天賜 tian1 ci4) 404-409<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ming Yuan Di|明元帝 ming2 yuan2 di4</td> <td>Tuoba Si|拓拔嗣 tou4 ba2 si4</td> <td>409-423</td> <td> Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 409-413<br> Shenrui (神瑞 shen2 rui4) 414-416<br> Taichang (泰常 tai4 chang2) 416-423<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Tai Wu Di|太武帝 tai4 wu3 di4</td> <td>Tuoba Tao|拓拔燾 tou4 ba2 tao2</td> <td>424-452</td> <td> Shiguang (始光 shi3 guang1) 424-428<br> Shenjia (神麚 shen2 jia1) 428-431<br> Yanhe (延和 yan2 he2) 432-434<br> Taiyan (太延 tai4 yan2) 435-440<br> Taipingzhenjun (太平真君 tai4 ping2 zhen1 jun1) 440-451<br> Zhengping (正平 zheng4 ping2) 451-452<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Nan An Wang|南安王 nan2 an1 wang2</td> <td>Tuoba Yu|拓拔余 tou4 ba2 yu2</td> <td>452</td> <td>Yongping (永平 yong3 ping2) or Chengping (承平 cheng2 ping2) 452<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wen Cheng Di|文成帝 wen2 cheng2 di4</td> <td>Tuoba Jun|拓拔濬 tou4 ba2 jun4</td> <td>452-465</td> <td> Xingan (興安 xing1 an1) 452-454<br> Xingguang (興光 xing1 guang1) 454-455<br> Taian (太安 tai4 an1) 455-459<br> Heping (和平 he2 ping2) 460-465<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xian Wen Di|獻文帝 xian4 wen2 di4</td> <td>Tuoba Hong|拓拔弘 tou4 ba2 hong2</td> <td>466-471</td> <td> Tianan (天安 tian1 an1) 466-467<br> Huangxing (皇興 huang2 xing1) 467-471<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xiao Wen Di|孝文帝 xiao4 wen2 di4</td> <td>Yuan Hong|元宏 yuan2 hong2</td> <td>471-499</td> <td> Yanxing (延興 yan2 xing1) 471-476<br> Chengming (承明 cheng2 ming2) 476<br> Taihe (太和 tai4 he2) 477-499<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xuan Wu Di|宣武帝 xuan1 wu3 di4</td> <td>Yuan Ke|元恪 yuan2 ke4</td> <td>500-515</td> <td> Jingming (景明 jing3 ming2) 500-503<br> Zhengshi (正始 zheng4 shi3) 504-508<br> Yongping (永平 yong3 ping2) 508-512<br> Yanchang (延昌 yan2 chang1) 512-515<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xiao Ming Di|孝明帝 xiao4 ming2 di4</td> <td>Yuan Xu|元詡 yuan2 xu3</td> <td>516-528</td> <td> Xiping (熙平 xi1 ping2) 516-518<br> Shengui (神龜 shen2 gui1) 518-520<br> Zhengguang (正光 zheng4 guang1) 520-525<br> Xiaochang (孝昌 xiao4 chang1) 525-527<br> Wutai (武泰 wu3 tai4) 528<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xiao Zhuang Di|孝莊帝 xiao4 zhuang1 di4</td> <td>Yuan Zi You|元子攸 yuan2 zi5 you1</td> <td>528-530</td> <td> Jianyi (建義 jian4 yi4) 528<br> Yongan (永安 yong3 an1) 528-530<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Chang Guang Wang|長廣王 chang2 guang3 wang2 or Jing Di|敬帝 jing4 di4</td> <td>Yuan Ye|元曄 yuan2 ye4</td> <td>530-531</td> <td>Jianming (建明 jian4 ming2) 530-531<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jue Min Di|節閔帝 jie2 min3 di4</td> <td>Yuan Gong|元恭 yuan2 gong1</td> <td>531-532</td> <td>Putai (普泰 pu3 tai4) 531-532<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>An Ding Wang|安定王 an1 ding4 wang2 or Chu Di|出帝 chu1 di4</td> <td>Yuan Lang|元朗 yuan2 lang3</td> <td>531-532</td> <td>Zhongxing (中興 zhong1 xing1) 531-532<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xiao Wu Di|孝武帝 xiao1 wu3 di4</td> <td>Yuan Xiu|元脩 yuan2 xiu1</td> <td>532-535</td> <td> Taichang (太昌 tai4 chang1) 532<br> Yongxing (永興 yong3 xing1) 532<br> Yongxi (永熙 yong3 xi1) 532-535<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Dong (Eastern) Wei Dynasty 534-550</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: Dong (Eastern) Wei + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xiao Jing Di|孝靜帝 xiao1 jing4 di4</td> <td>Yuan Shan Jian|元善見 yuan2 shan4 jian4</td> <td>534-550</td> <td> Tianping (天平 tian1 ping2) 534-537<br> Yuanxiang (元象 yuan2 xiang4) 538-539<br> Xinghe (興和 xing1 he2) 539-542<br> Wuding (武定 wu3 ding4) 543-550<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Bei (Northern) Qi Dynasty 550-577</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: Bei (Northern) Qi + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wen Xuan Di|文宣帝 wen2 xuan1 di4</td> <td>Gao Yang|高洋 gao1 yang2</td> <td>550-559</td> <td>Tianbao (天保 tain1 bao3) 550-559<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fei Di|廢帝 fei4 di4</td> <td>Gao Yin|高殷 gao1 yin1</td> <td>560</td> <td>Qianming (乾明 qian1 ming2) 560<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xiao Zhao Di|孝昭帝 xiao1 zhao1 di4</td> <td>Gao Yan|高演 gao1 yan3</td> <td>560-561</td> <td>Huangjian (皇建 huang2 jian4) 560-561<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wu Cheng Di|武成帝 wu3 cheng2 di4</td> <td>Gao Zhan|高湛 gao1 zhan4</td> <td>561-565</td> <td> Taining (太寧 tai4 ning2) 561-562<br> Heqing (河清 he2 qing1) 562-565<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hou Zhu|後主 hou4 zhu3</td> <td>Gao Wei|高緯 gao1 wei3</td> <td>565-577</td> <td> Tiantong (天統 tian1 tong3) 565-569<br> Wuping (武平 wu3 ping2) 570-576<br> Longhua (隆化 long2 hua3 576 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>You Zhu|幼主 you4 zhu3</td> <td>Gao Heng|高恆 gao1 heng2</td> <td>577</td> <td>Chengguang (承光 cheng2 guang1) 577<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fan Yang Wang|范陽王 fan4 yang2 wang2</td> <td>Gao Shao Yi|高紹義 gao1 shao4 yi4</td> <td>577-579?</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Xi (Western) Wei Dynasty 535-556</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: Xi (Western) Wei + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wen Di|文帝 wen2 di4</td> <td>Yuan Bao Ju|元寶炬 yuan2 bao3 ju4</td> <td>535-551</td> <td>Datong (大統 da4 tong3) 535-551<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fei Di|廢帝 fei4 di4</td> <td>Yuan Qin|元欽 yuan2 qin1</td> <td>552-554</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gong Di|恭帝 gong1 di4</td> <td>Yuan Kuo|元廓 yuan2 kuo4</td> <td>554-556</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Bei (Northern) Zhou Dynasty 557-581</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: Bei (Northern) Zhou + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xiao Min Di|孝閔帝 xiao1 min3 di4</td> <td>Yuwen Jue|宇文覺 yu3 wen2 jue2</td> <td>557</td> <td>Did not exist<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ming Di|明帝 ming2 di4 or Xiao Ming Di|孝明帝 xiao4 ming2 di4</td> <td>Yuwen Yu|宇文毓 yu3 wen2 yu4</td> <td>557-560</td> <td>Wucheng (武成 wu3 cheng2) 559-560<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wu Di|武帝 wu3 di4</td> <td>Yuwen Yong|宇文邕 yu3 wen2 yong1</td> <td>561-578</td> <td> Baoding (保定 bao3 ding4) 561-565<br> Tianhe (天和 tian1 he2) 566-572<br> Jiande (建德 jian4 de2) 572-578<br> Xuanzheng (宣政 xuan1 zheng4) 578<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xuan Di|宣帝 xuan1 di4</td> <td>Yuwen Yun|宇文贇 yu3 wen2 yun1</td> <td>579</td> <td>Dacheng (大成 da4 cheng2) 579<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jing Di|靜帝 jing4 di4</td> <td>Yuwen Chan|宇文闡 yu3 wen2 chan3</td> <td>579-581</td> <td> Daxiang (大象 da4 xiang4) 579-581<br> Dading (大定 da4 ding4) 581<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Southern dynasty 420-589</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Song Dynasty (420-479)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: Song + posthumous name, sometimes except Liu Yu who was referred using personal name.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wu Di|武帝 wu3 jing4 di4</td> <td>Liu Yu|劉裕 liu3 yu4</td> <td>420-422</td> <td>Yongchu (永初 yong3 chu1) 420-422<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shao Di|少帝 shao4 di4</td> <td>Liu Yi Fu|劉義符 liu3 yi4 fu2</td> <td>423-424</td> <td>Jingping (景平 jing3 ping2) 423-424<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wen Di|文帝 wen2 di4</td> <td>Liu Yi Long|劉義隆 liu3 yi4 long2</td> <td>424-453</td> <td>Yuanjia (元嘉 yaun2 jia1) 424-453<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xiao Wu Di|孝武帝 xiao1 wu3 di4</td> <td>Liu Jun|劉駿 liu3 jun4</td> <td>454-464</td> <td> Xiaojian (元嘉 xiao1 jian4) 454-456<br> Daming (大明 da4 ming2) 457-464<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Qian Fei Di|前廢帝 qian2 fei4 di4</td> <td>Liu Zi Ye|劉子業 liu3 zi5 ye4</td> <td>465</td> <td> Yongguang (永光 yong3 guang1) 465<br> Jinghe (景和 jing3 he2) 465<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ming Di|明帝 ming2 di4</td> <td>Liu Yu|劉彧 liu3 yu4</td> <td>465-472</td> <td> Taishi (泰始 tai4 shi3) 465-471<br> Taiyu (泰豫 tai4 yu4) 472<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Hou Fei Di|後廢帝 hou4 fei4 di4 or Cang Wu Wang|蒼梧王 cang1 wu2 wang2</td> <td>Liu Yu|劉昱 liu3 yu4</td> <td>473-477</td> <td>Yuanhui (元徽 yuan2 hui1) 473-477<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shun Di|順帝 shun4 di4</td> <td>Liu Zhun|劉準 liu3 zhun3</td> <td>477-479</td> <td>Shengming (昇明 sheng1 ming2) 477-479<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Qi Dynasty 479-502</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: Qi + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Gao Di|高帝 gao1 di4</td> <td>Xiao Dao Cheng|蕭道成 xiao1 dao4 cheng2</td> <td>479-482</td> <td>Jianyuan (建元 jian4 yuan2) 479-482<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wu Di|武帝 wu3 jing4 di4</td> <td>Xiao Ze|蕭賾 xiao1 ze2</td> <td>483-493</td> <td>Yongming (永明 yong3 ming2) 483-493<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Yu Lin Wang|鬱林王 yu4 lin2 wang2</td> <td>Xiao Zhao Ye|蕭昭業 xiao1 zhao1 ye4</td> <td>494</td> <td>Longchang (隆昌 long2 chang1) 494<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hai Ling Wang (海陵王 hai3 ling2 wang2)</td> <td>Xiao Zhao Wen|蕭昭文 xiao1 zhao1 wen2</td> <td>494</td> <td>Yanxing (延興 yan2 xing1) 494<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Ming Di|明帝 ming2 di4</td> <td>Xiao Luan|蕭鸞 xiao1 luan2</td> <td>494-498</td> <td> Jianwu (建武 jian4 wu3) 494-498<br> Yongtai (永泰 yong3 tai4) 498<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Dong Hun Hou (東昏侯 dong1 hun1 hou2)</td> <td>Xiao Bao Juan|蕭寶卷 xiao1 bao3 juan3</td> <td>499-501</td> <td>Yongyuan (永元 yong3 yuan2) 499-501<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>He Di|和帝 he2 di4</td> <td>Xiao Bao Rong|蕭寶融 xiao1 bao3 rong2</td> <td>501-502</td> <td>Zhongxing (中興 zhong1 xing1) 501-502<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Liang Dynasty 502-557</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: Liang + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wu Di|武帝 wu3 jing4 di4</td> <td>Xiao Yan|蕭衍 xiao1 yan3</td> <td>502-549</td> <td> Tianjian (天監 tian1 jian1) 502-519<br> Putong (普通 pu3 tong1) 520-527<br> Datong (大通 da4 tong1) 527-529<br> Zhongdatong (中大通 zhong1 da4 tong1) 529-534<br> Datong (大同 da4 tong2) 535-546<br> Zhongdatong (中大同 zhong1 da4 tong2) 546-547<br> Taiqing (太清 tai4 qing1) 547-549<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jian Wen Di (簡文帝 jian3 wen2 di4)</td> <td>Xiao Gang|蕭綱 xiao1 gang1</td> <td>549-551</td> <td>Dabao (大寶 da4 bao3) 550-551<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Yu Zhang Wang (豫章王 yu4 zhang1 wang2)</td> <td>Xiao Dong|蕭棟 xiao1 dong4</td> <td>551-552</td> <td>Tianzheng (天正 tian1 zheng4) 551-552<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Yuan Di (元帝 yuan2 di4)</td> <td>Xiao Yi|蕭繹 xiao1 yi4</td> <td>552-555</td> <td>Chengsheng (承聖 cheng2 sheng4) 552-555 </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Zhen Yang Hou (貞陽侯 zhen1 yang2 hou2)</td> <td>Xiao Yuan Ming|蕭淵明 xiao1 yuan1 ming2</td> <td>555</td> <td>Tiancheng (天成 tian1 cheng2) 555<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jing Di|敬帝 jing4 di4</td> <td>Xiao Fang Zhi|蕭方智 xiao1 fang1 zhi4</td> <td>555-557</td> <td> Shaotai (紹泰 shao4 tai4) 555-556<br> Taiping (太平 tai4 ping2) 556-557<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Chen Dynasty 557-589</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: Chen + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wu Di|武帝 wu3 di4</td> <td>Chen Ba Xian|陳霸先 chen2 ba4 xian1</td> <td>557-559</td> <td>Yongding (永定 yong3 ding4) 557-559<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wen Di|文帝 wen2 di4</td> <td>Chen Qian|陳蒨 chen2 qian4</td> <td>560-566</td> <td> Tianjia (天嘉 tian1 jia1) 560-566<br> Tiankang (天康 tian1 kang1) 566<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Fei Di|廢帝 fei4 di4</td> <td>Chen Bo Zong|陳伯宗 chen2 bo2 zong1</td> <td>567-568</td> <td>Guangda (光大 guang1 da4) 567-568<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Xuan Di|宣帝 xuan1 di4</td> <td>Chen Xu|陳頊 chen2 xu1</td> <td>569-582</td> <td>Taijian (太建 tai4 jian4) 569-582<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Hou Zhu|後主 hou4 zhu3</td> <td>Chen Shu Bao|陳叔寶 chen2 shu2 bao3</td> <td>583-589</td> <td> Zhide (至德 zhi4 de2) 583-586<br> Zhenming (禎明 zhen1 ming2) 587-589<br> </td> </tr> </table> <br> <br> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>Nan (Southern) Liang Dynasty 555-587</caption> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miao4 hao4)</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 )</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Personal Names</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Period of Reigns</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Convention: Nan (Southern) Liang + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" align="center">Note: some historians set Nan Liang as a continuation of the Liang Dynasty since it was founded by descendants of the Xiao's, the ruling family of the Liang Dynasty.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1)</td> <td>Xuan Di|宣帝 xuan1 di4</td> <td>Xiao Cha|蕭察 xiao1 cha2</td> <td>555-562</td> <td>Dading (大定 da4 ding4) 555-562<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Shi Zong (世4宗 zhong1 zong1)</td> <td>Xiao Ming Di|孝明帝 xiao4 ming2 di4</td> <td>Xiao Kui|蕭巋 xiao1 kui1</td> <td>562-585</td> <td>Tianbao (天保 tian1 bao3) 562-585<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Did not exist</td> <td>Xiao Jing Di|孝靜帝 xiao4 jing4 di4 or Ju Gong|莒公 ju3 gong1</td> <td>Xiao Cong|蕭琮 xiao1 cong2</td> <td>585-587</td> <td>Guangyun (廣運 guang3 yun4) 562-585<br> </td> </tr> </table> <br> <br> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>Sui dynasty|Sui Dynasty 581-618</caption> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 )</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Personal Names</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Period of Reigns</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: "Sui" + posthumous name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Wen of Sui China|Wen Di 文帝 wen2 di4</td> <td>Yang Jian|楊堅 yang2 jian1</td> <td>581-604</td> <td> Kaihuang (開皇 kai1 huang2) 581-600<br> Renshou (仁壽 ren2 shou4) 601-604<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Yang of Sui China|Yang Di 煬帝 yang2 di4</td> <td>Yang Guang|楊廣 yang2 guang3</td> <td>605-617</td> <td>Daye (大業 da4 ye4) 605-617<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Gong of Sui China|Gong Di 恭帝 gong1 di4</td> <td>Yang You|楊侑 yang2 you4</td> <td>617-618</td> <td>Yining (義寧 yi4 ning2) 617-618<br> </td> </tr> </table> <br> <br> <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <caption>Tang Dynasty 618-690, 705-907</caption> <tr> <th style="background:#efefef;">Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟;號 )</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Personal Names</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Period of Reigns</th> <th style="background:#efefef;">Era Names (Nian Hao 年號) and their according range of years</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: "Tang" + temple name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Gaozu of Tang China|Gao Zu (高祖 gao1 zu3)</td> <td>Li Yuan|李淵 li3 yuan1</td> <td>618-626</td> <td>Wude (武德 wu3 de2) 618-626<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Taizong of Tang China|Tai Zong (太宗 tai4 zong1)</td> <td>Li Shi Min|李世民 li3 shi4 min2</td> <td>627-649</td> <td>Zhenguan (貞觀 zhen1 guan1) 627-649<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Gaozong of Tang China|Gao Zong (高宗 gao1 zong1)</td> <td>Li Zhi |李治 li3 zhi4</td> <td>650-683</td> <td> Yonghui (永徽 yong3 hui1) 650-655<br> Xianqing (顯慶 xian3 qing4) 656-661<br> Longshuo (龍朔 long2 shuo4) 661-663<br> Linde (麟德 lin2 de2) 664-665<br> Qianfeng (乾封 qian2 feng1) 666-668<br> Zongzhang (總章 zong3 zhang1) 668-670<br> Xianheng (咸亨 xian2 heng1) 670-674<br> Shangyuan (上元 shang4 yuan2) 674-676<br> Yifeng (儀鳳 yi2 feng4) 676-679<br> Tiaolu (調露 tiao2 lu4) 679-680<br> Yonglong (永隆 yong3 long2) 680-681<br> Kaiyao (開耀 kai1 yao4) 681-682<br> Yongchun (永淳 yong3 chun2) 682-683<br> Hongdao (弘道 hong2 dao4) 683<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Zhongzong of Tang China|Zhong Zong (中宗 zhong1 zong1)</td> <td>Li Xian|李顯 li3 xian3 or Li Zhe|李哲 li3 zhe2</td> <td>684, 705-710</td> <td> Sisheng (嗣聖 si4 sheng4) 684<br> Shenlong (神龍 shen2 long2) 705-707<br> Jinglong (景龍 jing3 long2) 707-710<be> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Ruizong of Tang China|Rui Zong (睿宗 rui4 zong1)</td> <td>Li Dan|李旦 li3 dan4</td> <td>684, 710-712</td> <td> Wenming (文明 wen2 ming2) 684<br> Jingyun (景雲 jing3 yun2) 710-711<br> Taiji (太極 tai4 ji2) 712<br> Yanhe (延和 yan2 he2) 712<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wu Zetian|Wu Hou (武后 wu3 hou4)</td> <td>Wu Ze Tian|武則天 wu3 ze2 tian1</td> <td>684-705</td> <td> Guangzhai (光宅 guang1 zhai2) 684<br> Chuigong (垂拱 chui2 gong3) 685-688<br> Yongchang (永昌 yong3 chang1) 689<br> Zaichu (載初 zai4 chu1) 690<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Zhou Dynasty (690 AD - 705 AD)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Convention: use personal name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wu Zetian|Wu Hou (武后 wu3 hou4)</td> <td>Wu Ze Tian|武則天 wu3 ze2 tian1</td> <td>684-705</td> <td> Tianshou (天授 tian1 shou4) 690-692<br> Ruyi (如意 ru2 yi4) 692<br> Changshou (長壽 chang2 shou4) 692-694<br> Yanzai (延載 yan2 zai4) 694<br> Zhengsheng (證聖 zheng4 sheng4) 695<br> Tiancewansui (天冊萬歲 tian1 ce4 wan4 sui4) 695-696<br> Wansuidengfeng (萬歲登封 wan4 sui4 deng1 feng1) 696<br> Wansuitongtian (萬歲通天 wan4 sui4 tong1 tian1) 696-697<br> Shengong (神功 shen2 gong1) 697<br> Shengli (聖曆 sheng4 li4) 698-700<br> Jiushi (久視 jiu3 shi4) 700<br> Daju (大足 da4 ju2) 701<br> Changan (長安 chang2 an1) 701-705<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" align="center">Continuation of Tang Dynasty</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Shao of Tang China|Shao Di (少帝 shao4 di4) see note below the table</td> <td>Li Chong Mao|李重茂 li3 chong2 mao4</td> <td>710</td> <td>Tanglong (唐隆 tang2 long2) 710</td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China|Xuan Zong (玄宗 xuan2 zong1)</td> <td>Li Long Ji|李隆基 li3 long2 ji1</td> <td>712-756</td> <td> Xiantian (先天 xian1 tian1) 712-713<br> Kaiyuan (開元 kai1 yuan2) 713-741<br> Tianbao (天寶 tian1 bao3) 742-756<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Suzong of Tang China|Su Zong (肅宗 su4 zong1)</td> <td>Li Heng|李亨 li3 heng1</td> <td>756-762</td> <td> Jide (至德 zhi4 de2) 756-758<br> Qianyuan (乾元 qian2 yuan2) 758-760<br> Shangyuan (上元 shang4 yuan2) 760-761<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Daizong of Tang China|Dai Zong (代宗 dai4 zong1)</td> <td>Li Yu|李豫 li3 yu4</td> <td>762-779</td> <td> Baoying (寶應 bao3 ying4) 762-763<br> Guangde (廣德 guang3 de2) 763-764<br> Yongtai (永泰 yong3 tai4) 765-766<br> Dali (大曆 da4 li4) 766-779<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Dezong of Tang China|De Zong (德宗 de2 zong1)</td> <td>Li Gua|李适 li3 gua1</td> <td>780-805</td> <td> Jianzhong (建中 1jian4 zhong1) 780-783<br> Xingyuan (興元 xing1 yuan2) 784<br> Zhenyuan (貞元 zhen1 yuan2) 785-805<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Shunzong of Tang China|Shun Zong (順宗 shun4 zong1)</td> <td>Li Song|李誦 li3 song4</td> <td>805</td> <td>Yongzhen (永貞 yong3 zhen1) 805<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Xianzong of Tang China|Xian Zong (憲宗 xian4 zong1)</td> <td>Li Chun|李純 li3 chun2</td> <td>806-820</td> <td>Yuanhe (元和 yuan2 he2) 806-820<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Muzong of Tang China|Mu Zong (穆宗 mu4 zong1)</td> <td>Li Heng|李恆 li3 heng2</td> <td>821-824</td> <td>Changqing (長慶 chang2 qing4) 821-824<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Jingzong of Tang China|Jing Zong (敬宗 jing4 zong1)</td> <td>Li Zhan|李湛 li3 zhan4</td> <td>824-826</td> <td>Baoli (寶曆 bao3 li4) 824-826<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Wenzong of Tang China|Wen Zong (文宗 wen2 zong1)</td> <td>Li Ang|李昂 li3 ang2</td> <td>826-840</td> <td> Baoli (寶曆 bao3 li4) 826<br> Dahe (大和 da4 he2) or Taihe (tai4 he2 太和) 827-835<br> Kaicheng (開成 kai1 cheng2) 836-840<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Wuzong of Tang China|Wu Zong (武宗 wu3 zong1)</td> <td>Li Yan|李炎 li3 yan2</td> <td>840-846</td> <td>Huichang (會昌 hui4 chang1) 841-846<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China|Xuan Zong (宣宗 xuan1 zong1)</td> <td>Li Chen|李忱 li3 chen2</td> <td>846-859</td> <td>Dachong (大中 da4 chong1) 847-859<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Yizong of Tang China|Yi Zong (懿宗 yi4 zong1)</td> <td>Li Cui|李漼 li3 cui3</td> <td>859-873</td> <td> Dachong (大中 da4 chong1) 859<br> Xiantong (咸通 xian2 tong1) 860-873<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Xizong of Tang China|Xi Zong (僖宗 xi1 zong1)</td> <td>Li Xuan|李儇 li3 xuan1</td> <td>873-888</td> <td> Xiantong (咸通 xian2 tong1) 873-874<br> Qianfu (乾符 qian2 fu2) 874-879<br> Guangming (廣明 guang3 ming2) 880-881<br> Zhonghe (中和 zhong1 he2) 881-885<br> Guangqi (光啟 guang1 qi3) 885-888<br> Wende (文德 wen2 de2) 888<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Zhaozong of Tang China|Zhao Zong (昭宗 zhao1 zong1)</td> <td>Li Ye|李曄 li3 ye4</td> <td>888-904</td> <td> Longji (龍紀 long2 ji4) 889<br> Dashun (大順 da4 shun4) 890-891<br> Jingfu (景福 jing3 fu2) 892-893<br> Qianning (乾寧 qian2 ning2) 894-898<br> Guanghua (光化 guang1 hua4) 898-901<br> Tianfu (天復 tian1 fu4) 901-904<br> Tianyou (天佑 tian1 you4) 904<br> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Emperor Ai of Tang China|Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 di4) or 昭宣帝 zhao1 xuan1 di4 see note below</td> <td>Li Zhu|李柷 li3 zhu4</td> <td>904-907</td> <td>Tianyou (天佑 tian1 you4) 904-907<br> </td> </tr> </table> Shao Di (少帝 shao4 di4), Ai Di (哀帝 ai1 di4) and 昭宣帝 zhao1 xuan1 di4 are posthumous names. A new column for only three commonly used posthumous names was not be created since other Tang emperors are commonly referred using temple names. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Table of Chinese monarchs".
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