|
|
 |
|
|
|
 |
March 8, 2014 |
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Along with the so-called Kokturks (aka Gokturks), the Uyghurs were one of the largest and most enduring Turkic-speaking peoples living in Central Asia. They existed as a tribal federation ruled by the Juan Juan from 460-545, and then by the Hephthalites from 541-565 before being taken over by the Gokturk Khanate|Khaganate. Known as Huihe (回紇 hu?h?) and Huihu in Chinese sources, they established a khanate in the 8th century when they displaced the Gokturks. Their ethnonym Huihu is the origin of the term Huihui (回回) used for Muslims which is now used for the Hui nationality in China. Their Khaganate stretched from the Caspian Sea to Manchuria, and lasted from 745-840. when they were overrun by the Kirghiz, with the result that tribal groups from the Uyghurs migrated to a number of new areas, including modern Xinjiang and Gansu regions and Central Asian steppes. In Jungaria and the Tarim Basin they established the Idiqut kingdom which lasted until 1209 when they submitted to the Mongols|Mongol under Genghis Khan. A small number of Uyghurs also migrated to what is now Gansu province in China around the late 9th century, where they converted from Manicheism to Tibetan Buddhism. Unlike their kinfolk further west they did not later convert Islam and are thus unusual amongst Turkic people. Their descendants still live there to this day where they are known as Yugurs (population approximately 10,000). Turks in the Western Tarim Basin began to convert to Islam in the 10th century, but most Uyghurs in the Besh Balik and Turfan regions did not convert until the 15th century expansion of the Yarkand Khanate, a Mongol successor state based in the Western Tarim. With conversion to Islam the traditional ethnonym Uyghur was dropped and the ancestors of modern Uyghurs identified themselves by the terms Turki and Musulman. Before converting to Islam, Uyghurs included Manichaeans, Buddhists and even some Nestorian Christians. Genetically and culturally, modern Uyghurs descend from the nomadic Turkic tribes as well as the many Iranian speaking groups such as Saka and Sogdians who preceded them in the Tarim Basin oasis cities, and the centum Indo-European-speaking Tocharians (or Tokharians). Today, one can still see Uyghurs with light-coloured skin and hair. Modern usage of the Uyghur ethnonym as refering to the descendant settled Turkic urban oasis-dwelling and agricultural population of Xinjiang is widely credited as having first occured in 1921 with the establishment of the Organization of Revolutionary Uyghur (Inqilawi Uyghur Itipaqi), a Communist nationalist movement with intellectual and organizational ties to the Soviet Union. In fact, Uyghur students and merchants living in Russia had already embraced the name prior this date, drawing on Russian studies that established a linkage between the historical khanate and Xinjiang's current inhabitants. Official recognition of the Uyghurs came under the rule of Sheng Shicai, who deviated from the official Kuomintang "five races of China" stance in favor of a Stalinist policy of delineating fourteen distinct ethnic nationalities within Xinjiang. Famous Uyghurs include Abdurashid Khan, Amannisa Khan, Xiang Fei, Rebiya Kadeer and Wu'er Kaixi.
See also: Uyghur language, East Turkestan, Uyghuristan, Kushan
CEG Category:Turkic peoples Category:Anthropology bg:Уйгури de:Uiguren fr:Ouighour no:Uighurer ja:ウイグル人 fi:Uiguurit zh:维吾尔族 This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Uyghur".
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
![[F]](/images/site.gif){kind=small}
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
All informatin on the site is © FamousChinese.com 2002-2005. Last revised: January 2, 2004 Are you interested in our site or/and want to use our information? please read how to contact us and our copyrights. To post your business in our web site? please click here. To send any comments to us, please use the Feedback. To let us provide you with high quality information, you can help us by making a more or less donation: |