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March 8, 2014 |
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Ban Chao is said to have been extremely effective at expelling the Xiongnu from the Tarim Basin, and at bringing the various people of the Western Regions under Chinese rule during the time of the Emperor Ming of Han China|Han Mingdi Emperor (57-75 CE). He was generally outnumbered, but skillfully played on their divisions. The kingdoms of Loulan, Khotan and Kashgar came under Chinese rule. Ban Chao was recalled to Loyang, but then sent again to the Western Region area four years later, under the rule of the new emperor Emperor Zhang of Han China| Han Zhangdi. He brought the totality of the Tarim Basin under Chinese control, and also collaborated with the Kushans in 84 CE in his battles against the Sogdians who were menacing Kashgar. Ban Chao became Protector General (Duhu) in 91 CE, and was based at Kucha. In 97 CE, Ban Chao crossed the Tian Shan and Pamir mountains with an army of 70,000 men in an extermination campaign against the Xiongnu (Huns). He went as far west as the Caspian Sea and the region of Ukraine, reaching the territory of Parthia, upon what he reportedly also sent an envoy named Gan Ying to Da Quin (Rome), although Gan Yin although probably only reached the Black Sea before turning back. Ban Chao was granted the title of "Marquis Who Stabilizes Distant Places" for his services to the Empire and returned to the capital Loyang at the age of 70 years old, and before long died there. According to a Chinese saying Ban Chao was one of the most prominent actors in the expansion of China to the west, on a level with Zhang Qian:
Ban Chao also belonged to a family of historians. His father was Ban Biao (3-54 CE) who started the History of the Western Han Dynasty (Hanshu) in 36 CE, which was completed by his son Ban Gu (32-92 CE) and his daughter (Ban Chao's brother and sister) Ban Zhao. Ban Chao was probably the key source for the cultural and socio-economic data on the Western Regions contained in the Hanshu.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Ban Chao".
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