Zhuang language - Chinese Language

March 8, 2014


		1 Introduction 2 Writing systems 3 See also

Chinese Chinese Language

Zhuang language

Wikipedia

The Zhuang language (autonym: Cueŋь/Cuengh; Chinese: 壮语; pinyin: Zhu?ngyǔ) is used by the Zhuang people in the People's Republic of China. Most of them live in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Zhuang is an official language in that region. Language use is however rapidly declining as the Zhuang assimilate to the Han Chinese.

Bouyei, considered a separate language in China, is actually just a slightly different standard form of Zhuang, used across the province border in Guizhou. There is a dialect continuum between Zhuang and Bouyei.

Zhuang is a tonal language. It has six tones in open syllables:

number	contour	description
1	24	rising
2	31	low falling
3	55	high level
4	42	falling
5	35	high rising
6	33	mid level

It has two (high and low) in closed syllables.

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Writing systems

Zhuang had been written with ideographs that were borrowed from Chinese written language|Han characters adopted to this language, and original characters made out by using the similar manner of construction, for more than a thousand years, similar to Vietnamese Chu Nom. In 1957, in the People's Republic of China a Latin alphabet with some special letters was introduced to write the new standardised Zhuang language. A spelling reform in 1986 replaced these special letters with regular letters of the Latin alphabet to facilitate printing and the use of computers.
The table below compares spelling before and after the 1986 reform.
<table border=0><tr><td align=left colspan=14>consonants<tr><th bgcolor="#C0C0C0">1957<th>1986<th><th bgcolor="#C0C0C0">1957<th>1986<th><th bgcolor="#C0C0C0">1957<th>1986<th><th bgcolor="#C0C0C0">1957<th>1986<th><th bgcolor="#C0C0C0">1957<th>1986<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">B b<td>B b<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Ƃ ƃ<td>Mb mb<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">M m<td>M m<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">F f<td>F f<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">V<td>V<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">D d<td>D d<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Ƌƌ<td>Nd nd<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">N n<td>N n<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">S s<td>S s<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">L l<td>L l<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">G g<td>G g<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Gv gv<td>Gv gv<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Ŋ ŋ<td>Ng ng<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">H h<td>H h<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">R r<td>R r<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">C c<td>C c<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Y y<td>Y y<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Nv ny<td>Ny ny<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Ŋv ŋv<td>Ngv ngv<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">By by<td>By by<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Gy gy<td>Gy gy<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">My my<td>My my</table>

<table border=0><tr><td align=left colspan=9>vowels<tr><th bgcolor="#C0C0C0">1957<th>1986<th><th bgcolor="#C0C0C0">1957<th>1986<th><th bgcolor="#C0C0C0">1957<th>1986<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">A a<td>A a<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">E e<td>E e<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Ə ə<td>AE ae<tr><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">I i<td>I i<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">O o<td>O o<td><td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Ɯ ɯ<td>W w</table>

<table border=0><tr><td align=left colspan=3>tones<tr><th><th bgcolor="#C0C0C0">1957<th>1986<tr><th>1<td colspan=2>not indicated<tr><th>2<td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Ƨ ƨ<td>Z z<tr><th>3<td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">З з<td>J j<tr><th>4<td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Ч ч<td>X x<tr><th>5<td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Ƽ ƽ<td>Q q<tr><th>6<td bgcolor="#C0C0C0">Ƅ ƅ<td>H h</table>

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